Table 2.
Results of Time-dependent Multivariable Mixed-Effect Linear Models Assessing the Association of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index With Global and Domain T Scores at any Time Point During the Follow-up Period
| Predictor | Regression Coefficient (SE) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global Cognition | Verbal Fluency | SIP | Learning | Memory | Executive Function | Working Memory | Complex Motor Skills | |
| Unadjusteda analyses | n = 655 | n = 653 | n = 648 | n = 654 | n = 654 | n = 643 | n = 650 | n = 641 |
| VACS Indexb | −0.51 (.05)c | −0.52 (.08)c | −0.62 (.07)c | −0.50 (.08)c | −0.37 (.09)c | −0.51 (.08)c | −0.51 (.07)c | −0.74 (.09)c |
| Time in study, y | 0.15 (.04)c | 0.04 (.06) | 0.11 (.06)d | −0.19 (.06)c | −0.17 (.06)c | 0.75 (.06)c | 0.32 (.06)c | −0.17 (.08)d |
| Adjusted analyses | n = 402 | n = 400 | n = 398 | n = 401 | n = 414 | n = 396 | n = 399 | n = 392 |
| VACS Indexb | −0.41 (.06)c | −0.62 (.10)c | −0.53 (.09)c | −0.34 (.10)c | −0.59 (.17)c | −0.37 (.12)c | −0.48 (.10)c | −0.63 (.12)c |
| Time, y | 0.19 (.05)c | 0.17 (.08)d | 0.03 (.08) | −0.02 (.09) | −0.02 (.09) | 0.72 (.10)c | 0.42 (.08)c | −0.34 (.11)c |
| Current MDD | −0.83 (.24)c | … | −0.83 (.36)d | … | −1.09 (.43)d | … | −1.08 (.37)c | … |
| Lifetime MDD | … | 1.85 (.84)d | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Depression | ||||||||
| Minimal | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | … | Reference | … | Reference |
| Mild | −0.74 (.21)c | −0.71 (.35)d | −0.89 (.31)c | −0.44 (.37) | … | −1.25 (.41)c | … | −1.45 (.43)c |
| Moderate | −0.99 (.30)c | −1.53 (.47)c | −1.02 (.44)d | −1.57 (.49)c | … | −2.25 (.56)c | … | −1.08 (.58) |
| Severe | −1.13 (.44)d | −1.08 (.72) | −2.33 (.67)c | −0.71 (.74) | … | −3.15 (.85)c | … | −1.99 (.90)d |
| Current CUD | 1.10 (.44)d | … | … | 2.46 (.77)c | … | … | 2.15 (.71)c | … |
| Lifetime CUD | … | … | … | … | 1.98 (.83)d | … | … | … |
| Current OSUD | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | −1.57 (.67)d |
| Nadir CD4+ T-cell counte | 0.49 (.17)c | … | … | 0.50 (.20)d | 0.51 (.20)d | 0.75 (.21)c | … | 0.50 (.24)d |
| On ART | … | … | … | −1.34 (.41)c | −2.46 (.70)c | … | … | … |
| VACS × On ART | … | … | … | … | 0.39 (.18)d | … | … | … |
Values represent regression coefficient (standard error).
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CUD, cannabis use disorder; MDD, major depressive disorder; OSUD, other substance use disorder (opioids, methamphetamine, cocaine, sedatives, and hallucinogens); SE, standard error; SIP, speed of information processing; VACS, Veterans Aging Cohort Study.
a Models were adjusted for time (years), but not for covariates.
b Effect is shown as change in T scores per 10-point increase in VACS.
c P < .01.
d P < .05.
e Effect is shown as change in T scores per increase in baseline nadir CD4+ T-cell count of 100/μL.