Table 2.

Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Risk factors for MDR VAP

Prior intravenous antibiotic use within 90 d

Septic shock at time of VAP

ARDS preceding VAP

Five or more days of hospitalization prior to the occurrence of VAP

Acute renal replacement therapy prior to VAP onset

Risk factors for MDR HAP

Prior intravenous antibiotic use within 90 d

Risk factors for MRSA VAP/HAP

Prior intravenous antibiotic use within 90 d

Risk factors for MDR Pseudomonas VAP/HAP

Prior intravenous antibiotic use within 90 d

Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; HAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia; MDR, multidrug resistant; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.