Table 2.

Relationships Between Depression Status, Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Brain Involvement History, and Other Confounds

Confounds	1	2	3	4	5
Depressed vs nondepressed (1)		0.21***	−0.03	0.17**	0.17**
HIV-associated brain involvement history vs none (2)	0.21***		−0.16**	−0.01	0.02
Non-HIV–associated neurological/psychiatric history vs none (3)	−0.03	−0.16**		−0.03	0.05
Alcohol use disorder within the last 12 months vs none (4)	0.17**	−0.01	−0.03		0.16**
Substance use disorder within the last 12 months vs none (5)	0.17**	0.02	0.05	0.16**

Point biserial correlations significance: *P < .05; **P < .01 ***P < .001. All variables were coded as dummy 1/0, with 1 representing an event occurrence. A history of HIV brain involvement included cases with past HIV–associated neurocognitive disorders and/or central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections (N = 32, 7 with CNS opportunistic infection that had been treated prior to study entry in the sense that those were not currently active). A history of non-HIV neurological or psychiatric condition included (N = 39): 4 cases with mild stroke, 1 case with mild stroke and Substance use disorder within the last 12 months (SUD), 26 cases with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, 5 cases with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury and SUD, 1 cases with mild traumatic brain injury and alcohol use disorder within the last 12 months (AUD), and 2 cases with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury and AUD as well as SUD.

Abbreviation: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.