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. 2016 Aug 12;6:31572. doi: 10.1038/srep31572

Figure 4. Morphine inhibits induction of VEGF-A mRNA in co-cultured breast cancer cells and macrophages.

Figure 4

Quantitative Real-time PCR determination of VEGF-A mRNA levels in (a) RAW264.7 cells and (b) 4T1 cells co-cultured for 48 h. Results are reported relative to each cell type grown individually. Mean ± S.D. is shown. N = 3–5 independent experiments. *P = 0.05, **P = 0.004. (c, d) RAW264.7 macrophages and 4T1 cells were cultured alone or together in the presence of morphine (20 μM) and naloxone (20 μM) as indicated. Quantitative Real-time PCR determination of VEGF-A mRNA levels in (c) RAW264.7 cells and (d) 4T1 cells. Mean ± S.D. is shown. N = 3 independent experiments. *P = 0.05.