Table 4.

Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of being a daily tobacco user compared to not being a daily tobacco user

	-n-	Number of daily tobacco users (%)	Crude OR [95 % CI]	Adjusted ORa [95 % CI]
Sex
Female	2382	111 (4.7)	1.0	1.0
Male	1601	255 (15.9)	5.33 [3.66–7.79]	5.51 [3.81–7.95]
Age
18–29	1616	61 (3.8)	1.0	1.0
30–49	1678	180 (10.7)	2.37 [1.43–3.94]	2.47 [1.54–3.94]
50–69	689	125 (18.1)	2.90 [1.68–5.01]	2.82 [1.68–4.74]
Education
No formal school	652	117 (17.9)	1.0	1.0
Primary	1625	164 (10.1)	0.45 [0.30–0.67]	0.43 [0.29–0.65]
Secondary	1317	65 (4.9)	0.19 [0.12–0.31]	0.21 [0.14–0.33]
University or higher	374	19 (5.1)	0.23 [0.10–0.49]	0.23 [0.11–0.48]
Employment
Employed	2600	242 (9.3)	1.0	1.0
Unemployed	1382	124 (9.0)	1.33 [0.88–2.02]	1.35 [0.91–2.00]
Region
Central	963	52 (5.4)	1.0	1.0
Eastern	1292	90 (7.0)	2.29 [1.36–3.86]	2.14 [1.33–3.45]
Northern	779	131 (16.8)	4.54 [2.87–7.16]	4.31 [2.79–6.45]
Western	949	93 (9.8)	2.20 [1.31–3.68]	1.87 [1.18–2.97]
Residence
Urban	1084	72 (6.6)	1.0	1.0
Rural	2899	294 (10.1)	0.83 [0.55–1.25]	0.81 [0.56–1.18]
BMI (kg/m2)
Normal 18.5–24.9	2531	255 (10.2)	1.0	1.0
Overweight/obese ≥25	828	44 (7.6)	0.71 [0.41–1.24]	0.64 [0.38–1.09]
Underweight <18.5	330	84 (25.5)	2.17 [1.46–3.22]	2.19 [1.48–3.24]
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Normal	3617	539 (14.9)	1.0	1.0
Raised or medication	366	57 (15.6)	0.87 [0.56–1.36]	0.85 [0.56–1.31]
FPG (mmol/L)
< 6.1	3562	322 (9.0)	1.0	1.0
6.1–6.9	82	5 (6.1)	0.52 [0.12–2.29]	0.48 [0.11–2.19]
> =7 or on DM Rx	46	6 (13.0)	1.81 [0.62–5.30]	1.89 [0.64–5.58]
Marital status
Never married	627	36 (5.7)	1.0	1.0
Currently married	2642	231 (8.7)	1.57 [0.86–2.87]	1.31 [0.77–2.26]
Other (separated/divorced/widowed)	714	99 (13.9)	2.81 [1.41–5.61]	2.54 [1.36–4.72]

^aAdjusted for sex, age, education, region, marital status and BMI