Table 2.
Odds ratios of insulin resistance associated with demographics, adiposity and behavioral factors, CHMS, Cycle 1 & 2, 2007–2011
| Variables | Unadjusted | Adjusted ** | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95 % CI) | P for trend | OR (95 % CI) | P for trend | |
| Age | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | ||
| 18–35 | ref | ref | ||
| 36–50 | 1.05 (0.70–1.57) | 0.85 (0.54–1.33) | ||
| 51–79 | 2.16 (1.53–3.03) | 1.91 (1.41–2.58) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | ref | ref | ||
| Male | 1.30 (0.96–1.75) | 1.43 (1.08–1.90) | ||
| Education | 0.1026 | |||
| Less than secondary | ref | 0.0699 | ref | |
| Secondary graduate | 0.80 (0.50–1.29) | 0.86 (0.52–1.41) | ||
| Other post-secondary | 0.48 (0.28–0.82) | 0.79 (0.44–1.43) | ||
| Post-secondary graduate | 0.52 (0.33–0.83) | 0.66 (0.42–1.04) | ||
| Family income adequacy | 0.1305 | 0.0773 | ||
| Lowest | ref | ref | ||
| Lower middle | 1.57 (0.92–2.68) | 1.15 (0.47–2.35) | ||
| Upper middle | 0.84 (0.60–1.18) | 0.61 (0.39–0.96) | ||
| Highest | 0.92 (0.57–1.49) | 0.67 (0.40–1.15) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||
| < 18.5 | - | - | ||
| 18.5– < 25.0 | ref | ref | ||
| 25.0– < 30.0 | 5.40 (3.26–8.95) | 5.97 (2.90–8.52) | ||
| ≥ 30.0 | 27.04 (17.08–42.81) | 25.12 (15.20–41.51) | ||
| Continuous | 1.30 (1.26–1.34) | 1.23 (1.25–1.34) | ||
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||
| < 102 in men or < 88 in women | ref | ref | ||
| ≥ 102 in men or ≥ 88 in women | 8.82 (6.28–12.39) | 9.23 (6.52–13.07) | ||
| Waist-to-height ratio | ||||
| ≤ 0.570 | ref | ref | ||
| > 0.570 | 9.44 (6.81–13.09) | 8.72 (6.13–12.39) | ||
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||
| ≤ 0.90 in men or ≤0.85 or women | ref | ref | ||
| > 0.90 in men or >0.85 in women | 6.65 (4.81–9.21) | 6.30 (4.33–9.16) | ||
| Alcohol consumption (daily drinks) | 0.0005 | 0.0006 | ||
| None | ref | ref | ||
| Light (1 drink/day) | 0.59 (0.44–0.78) | 0.64 (0.44–0.92) | ||
| Moderate (2 drinks/day) | 0.48 (0.34–0.68) | 0.47 (0.30–0.73) | ||
| Heavy (> = 3 drinks/day) | 0.50 (0.31–0.82) | 0.36 (0.19–0.71) | ||
| Physical activity | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | ||
| Active | ref | ref | ||
| Moderate | 2.36 (1.65–3.36) | 2.29 (1.47–3.55) | ||
| Inactive | 2.60 (1.87–3.60) | 2.44 (1.61–3.68) | ||
| Smoking status | 0.3438 | 0.7544 | ||
| Never | ref | ref | ||
| Former | 1.52 (1.12–2.05) | 1.02 (0.75–1.39) | ||
| Current | 1.11 (0.70–1.75) | 1.11 (0.63–1.94) | ||
HOMA homeostasis model assessment, BMI body mass index, CHMS Canadian Health Measures Survey, OR odds ratio
** ORs were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, physical activity and alcohol consumption, except for the variable under consideration
** ORs were not adjusted for each other among BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio