FIGURE 6.

The role of V-ATPases in cancer. V-ATPase activity supports pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including growth factor receptors, Wnt, Notch, and mTORC1 (top panel). V-ATPase activity allows tumor cells to evade apoptosis and various cellular stressors (right panel). V-ATPase activity promotes the ability of tumor cells to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to secondary sites within the body by promoting cell motility and extracellular matrix degradation (bottom panel). V-ATPase activity contributes to drug resistance by promoting drug trapping in acidic cellular spaces and promoting drug efflux out of the cell (left panel).