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. 2016 Apr 4;211(3):940–951. doi: 10.1111/nph.13938

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Physcomitrella patens physcodillo triple mutants show slower germination, and abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits P. patens spore germination. (a) Germination of wild‐type and physcodillo mutant spores. A Mann–Whitney test did not identify significant differences between genotypes (P = 0.08) although z‐tests suggested highly significant (P < 0.01) differences on all of days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11. (b) Inhibition of P. patens spore germination by 1–5 μM ABA. Error bars show ± SE of the mean. A Kruskal–Wallis test for differences between treatments was significant (P < 0.05) on days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 12. A Dunn's test identified significant (P < 0.05) differences between control and 2 μM ABA and highly significant (P < 0.01) differences between control and 5 μM ABA on days 4, 5, 6 and 7. (c) Effect of 0–50 μM ABA on germination in a population of spores. More ungerminated spores are seen as ABA concentration increases, in addition to a reduction in plant size (cell length) occurring. Bars, 100 μm. (d) Higher magnification images of spores treated with 25 μM ABA. The left‐hand panel shows ungerminated spores, while the right‐hand panel shows a small plant on the left (with shortened cells, from a germinated spore) and ungerminated spores on the right. Bar, 10 μm.