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. 2016 Apr 4;211(3):940–951. doi: 10.1111/nph.13938

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© 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Physcomitrella patens physcodillo triple mutants show insensitivity to the inhibitory effects of abscisic acid (ABA) during germination while a P. patens PHYSCODILLO‐overexpressing line shows ABA hypersensitivity during early growth. (a) Germination of wild‐type and physcodillo triple mutant line 16 spores on medium containing 5 μM ABA or solvent‐only control. Kruskal–Wallis tests showed significant (P < 0.05) differences between genotypes/treatments on days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11. Dunn's tests showed significant (P < 0.01) differences between wild‐type spores with and without ABA on days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11, significant (P < 0.05) differences between ABA‐treated wild‐type and untreated physcodillo mutants on days 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11 and significant (P < 0.05) differences between wild‐type and ABA‐treated physcodillo mutants on days 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11. (b) Germination of wild‐type and physcodillo triple mutant line 8 mutant spores germinated on medium containing 5 μM ABA or solvent‐only control. Kruskal–Wallis tests showed significant (P < 0.05) differences between genotypes/treatments on days 4, 5, 6, 10 and 14. Dunn's tests showed significant (P < 0.01) differences between wild‐type spores with and without ABA on all days and significant (P < 0.05) differences between ABA‐treated wild‐type and untreated physcodillo mutants on all days. (c) Insensitivity of physcodillo triple mutant 16 to 5 μM ABA. Data are shown for day 8. A Kruskal–Wallis test for differences between genotypes and treatments was significant (P < 0.05). Dunn's test identified differences between groups: a and b, P < 0.001; b and c, P < 0.05; a and c, P < 0.05. Error bars show ± SE of the mean. (d) Insensitivity of physcodillo triple mutant 8 to 5 μM ABA. Data are shown for day 14. A Kruskal–Wallis test for differences between genotypes and treatments was significant (P < 0.05). Dunn's test identified differences between groups: a and b, P < 0.001; b and c, P < 0.05; a and c, P < 0.05. Error bars show ± SE of the mean. (e) Transgenic pHSP::PHYSCODILLO2‐GFP plants were either grown at 22°C on medium containing either solvent control or 25 μM ABA (left‐hand bars), or exposed to daily 1‐h heat shock and grown on medium containing either solvent control or ABA (right‐hand bars). One‐way ANOVA showed significant differences between treatments, with a Tukey's post hoc test showing that only plants with induced PHYSCODILLO2‐GFP expression grown on ABA (b) were significantly different (P < 0.05) from those in other treatments (a). Error bars show ± SE of the mean. (f) Representative morphology of wild‐type vs heat‐shocked transgenic pHSP::PHYSCODILLO2‐GFP plants germinated from spores and grown on solvent control or 25 μM ABA. Bars, 100 μm.