Table 3.
Bivariate Analysis between Maternal Demographics, Clinical Features, and Oral Health Characteristics with Preterm Labor
| Variable | Preterm Labor | ||
| No (Weighted %) | Yes (Weighted %) | Weighted P-value* | |
| Age (years) | |||
| <20 | 8.1 | 6.4 | <.001 |
| 20–24 | 21.4 | 31.3 | |
| 25–29 | 25.9 | 24.1 | |
| 30–34 | 25.2 | 22.1 | |
| ≥35 | 19.4 | 16.1 | |
| Race | |||
| Caucasian | 15.9 | 12.8 | <.001 |
| Native Hawaiian /Part-Hawaiian | 31.7 | 51.6 | |
| Filipino | 20.7 | 13.4 | |
| Other Pacific Islander | 8.9 | 3.9 | |
| Other Asian | 18.8 | 11.7 | |
| All Others | 3.9 | 6.5 | |
| Education | |||
| Less than High School | 8.5 | 8.5 | .003 |
| Completed high school and/or graduated | 38.3 | 45.3 | |
| Completed high school and/or Some college | 22.1 | 24.4 | |
| Completed college/higher (degree) | 31.0 | 21.8 | |
| Income | |||
| <$10,000 | 21.6 | 23.8 | .530 |
| $10,000–24,999 | 20.8 | 23.5 | |
| $25,000–34,999 | 10.5 | 10.3 | |
| $35,000–64,999 | 22.6 | 21.3 | |
| >$65,000 | 24.6 | 21.3 | |
| Marital Status | |||
| Married | 48.5 | 6.6 | .060 |
| Other | 38.4 | 6.5 | |
| Insurance | |||
| Quest | 39.3 | 49.3 | <.001 |
| Private | 60.7 | 50.7 | |
| County | |||
| Hawai‘i | 14.3 | 20.6 | <.001 |
| Honolulu | 67.6 | 60.7 | |
| Kaua‘i | 5.3 | 5.9 | |
| Maui | 12.8 | 12.7 | |
| Dental cleaning before pregnancy | 49.4 | 49.7 | .910 |
| Dental problem during pregnancy | 18.0 | 27.5 | <.001 |
| Sought dental care during pregnancy | 38.9 | 41.9 | .300 |
| Oral hygiene counseling during pregnancy | 51.2 | 44.3 | .016 |
| Dental cleaning during pregnancy | 33.3 | 33.3 | .990 |
| Smoked in past 2 years | 22.8 | 32.3 | <.001 |
| Alcohol drinking in past 2 years | 59.9 | 65.8 | .039 |
| Use of prescription drugs before pregnancy | 12.6 | 25.7 | <.001 |
| Use of prescription drugs during pregnancy | 18.9 | 30.4 | <.001 |
| Substance use before pregnancy | 6.0 | 0.9 | .890 |
| Substance use during pregnancy | 2.9 | 0.4 | .490 |
| Diabetes before pregnancy | 2.6 | 3.0 | .600 |
| Asthma before pregnancy | 6.8 | 14.8 | <.001 |
| Hypertension before pregnancy | 3.1 | 3.8 | .450 |
| Previous premature birth | 6.1 | 15.8 | <.001 |
| Previous normal weight birth | 48.9 | 56.8 | .006 |
*
Rao-Scott chi-square tests were used to account for complex sampling design.