Table 4.
Rank order of the environmental barriers contributing most to the accessibility problem score in the close exterior surroundings and at entrances, according to functional profile and housing type (N = 1021)
| Environmental barrier (n = 33) | Multi-dwelling block (n = 662) | One-family house (n = 359) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Profile I.a | Profile II.b | Profile III.c | Profile IV.d | Profile I.a | Profile II.b | Profile III.c | Profile IV.d | |
| Exterior surroundings | ||||||||
| Paths narrower than 1.5 m | 24 | 25 | 26 | 30 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 18 |
| Irregular/uneven surface | 7 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 5 |
| Unstable surface | 18 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 8 | 12 | 8 | 8 |
| Steep gradient | 19 | 21 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 21 | 23 | 23 |
| Routes with steps | 27 | 27 | 31 | 32 | 14 | 16 | 21 | 21 |
| No/insufficient tactile cues of abrupt level change | e | e | e | 28 | e | e | 29 | 29 |
| High kerbs | 2 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 13 | 17 | 17 |
| Kerb ramps with steep gradients | 15 | 17 | 18 | 24 | 19 | 20 | 28 | 28 |
| No handrails on steep gradients | 16 | 18 | 30 | 31 | 16 | 17 | 30 | 30 |
| No resting surface or too long distances between them on slopes | 21 | 22 | 29 | 33 | 26 | 27 | 32 | 32 |
| Poor lightning along circulation paths | 28 | 28 | 22 | 23 | 18 | 19 | 12 | 12 |
| Passenger loading zone far from entrance | 22 | 23 | 28 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 19 | 19 |
| No/too few seating places | 3 | 6 | 15 | 16 | 28 | 28 | 33 | 33 |
| Refuse room/bin can only be reached via steps or other difference in level | 9 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 16 |
| Letterbox can only be reached via steps or other difference in level | 25 | 26 | 27 | 25 | 23 | 24 | 22 | 22 |
| Refuse bin difficult to reach | 14 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 13 | 3 | 10 | 10 |
| Letterbox difficult to reach | 13 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 11 | 2 | 7 | 7 |
| Narrow door openings | e | e | 25 | 29 | e | e | 26 | 26 |
| Entrances | ||||||||
| High thresholds and/or steps at the entrance | 6 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Insufficient manoeuvring space at doors, outside and inside | e | e | 14 | 15 | e | e | 9 | 9 |
| No resting area in front of entrance door | e | e | 23 | 26 | e | e | 27 | 27 |
| Heavy doors without automatic door opener | 11 | 4 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 8 | 20 | 20 |
| Doors do not stay in open position/close quickly | 10 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 21 | 22 | 24 | 24 |
| Complicated/illogical opening procedure | 20 | 16 | 20 | 18 | 27 | 26 | 31 | 31 |
| Stairs the only route (no lift/ramp) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| High, low and/or irregular heights of risers | 23 | 24 | 32 | 27 | 10 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
| No handrails/handrail only on one side | 12 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 14 |
| Handrails too short | 17 | 19 | 21 | 3 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 4 |
| Narrow doors to sitting-out place/balcony | e | e | 16 | 14 | e | e | 14 | 13 |
| High threshold/level difference/step to sitting-out place/balcony | 5 | 8 | 5 | 19 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 25 |
| Storage areas can only be reached via steps or other difference in level | 4 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| Laundry room can only be reached via steps or other difference in level | 8 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 6 |
| Inappropriate design of door to laundry room | 26 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 25 | 9 | 11 | 11 |
Note: Top-10 barriers of each functional profile and housing type are bolded
aProfile I: Functional profile with limited mobility
bProfile II: Functional profile with limited mobility and limited upper extremity function
cProfile III: Functional profile with limited mobility, limited upper extremity function and dependence on mobility devices
dProfile IV: Functional profile with limited mobility, limited upper extremity function, dependence on mobility devices and loss of sight
eDid not generate any accessibility problem score