Table 2.
Risk factors associated with prehypertension
| Characteristics | Univariate logistic model | Multivariate logistic model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR* | 95 % CI* | OR* | 95 % CI* | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1.917 | 1.833–2.005 | 2.076 | 1.952–2.208 |
| Female | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Age | ||||
| 18–29 | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| 30–39 | 1.470 | 1.383–1.563 | 1.201 | 1.090–1.322 |
| 40–49 | 2.171 | 2.042–2.308 | 1.607 | 1.456–1.773 |
| 50–59 | 3.045 | 2.835–3.270 | 2.081 | 1.868–2.319 |
| 60–69 | 3.847 | 3.515–4.210 | 2.498 | 2.204–2.831 |
| 70–79 | 4.456 | 3.922–5.063 | 2.948 | 2.514–3.457 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Single | 0.463 | 0.441–0.486 | 0.928 | 0.844–1.020 |
| Divorced/widowed | 1.188 | 1.061–1.331 | 1.003 | 0.888–1.134 |
| Educational level | ||||
| Illiterate or primary school | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| High school | 0.763 | 0.715–0.814 | 0.919 | 0.851–0.992 |
| University | 0.464 | 0.434–0.495 | 0.687 | 0.627–0.752 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Physical laborer | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Laborer with mental work | 0.644 | 0.617–0.673 | 1.084 | 1.020–1.152 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Han | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Yi | 1.129 | 1.026–1.244 | 1.347 | 1.210–1.500 |
| Miao | 0.926 | 0.776–1.106 | 0.753 | 0.623–0.910 |
| Mongolia | 1.065 | 0.949–1.196 | 1.042 | 0.920–1.179 |
| Tibetan | 0.541 | 0.465–0.629 | 0.521 | 0.442–0.613 |
| Korean | 1.231 | 1.078–1.406 | 0.965 | 0.837–1.111 |
| Hui | 1.001 | 0.911–1.100 | 1.133 | 1.024–1.253 |
| Tujia | 0.866 | 0.759–0.988 | 0.779 | 0.677–0.898 |
| Others | 0.682 | 0.589–0.791 | 0.974 | 0.832–1.140 |
| Smoker | ||||
| Never | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Current | 1.575 | 1.492–1.662 | 0.741 | 0.688–0.798 |
| Former | 1.558 | 1.028–2.361 | 0.825 | 0.530–1.285 |
| Alcohol drinker | ||||
| No | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Yes | 1.619 | 1.535–1.709 | 1.147 | 1.072–1.228 |
| High-salt diets | ||||
| No | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Yes | 1.039 | 0.968–1.116 | 0.977 | 0.905–1.055 |
| BMI | ||||
| General obesity | 4.180 | 3.785 | 2.460 | 2.190–2.763 |
| Overweight | 2.470 | 2.346 | 1.667 | 1.563–1.788 |
| Normal | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Abdominal obesity | ||||
| Yes | 2.734 | 2.601–2.873 | 1.371 | 1.280–1.467 |
| No | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Family history of cardiovascular diseases | ||||
| No | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Yes | 1.172 | 1.089–1.262 | 1.132 | 1.045–1.226 |
*OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval