Table 1.
Marker levels in severe active ANCA-associated vasculitis (screening) and remission among the patients who were in remission at month 6
| Marker | Screening (n=137) | Month 6 remission (n=137) | Difference (n=137) | p Value* | Healthy controls (n=68) | p Value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokines | ||||||
| G-CSF (pg/ml) | 20.4 (8.01;45.9) | 10.5 (5.63;23.7) | 5.78 (−0.74;26.0) | <0.0001* | 7.58 (4.89;12.7) | <0.0001** |
| GM-CSF (pg/ml) | 27.6 (2.28;269) | 1.17 (<0.98;4.99) | 16.8 (0.00;241) | <0.0001* | 1.39 (<0.98;7.27) | <0.0001** |
| IFNγ (pg/ml) | <0.49 (<0.49;2.01) | <0.49 (<0.49;<0.49) | 0.00 (0.00;0.95) | <0.0001* | <0.49 (<0.49;<0.49) | 0.011** |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 2.14 (<0.69;19.8) | <0.49 (<0.49;0.77) | 1.36 (0.00;18.3) | <0.0001* | <0.49 (<0.49;<0.49) | <0.0001** |
| IL-15 (pg/ml) | 21.6 (7.65;109) | 5.69 (2.60;13.5) | 14.6 (1.65;92.4) | <0.0001* | 2.87 (2.18;4.31) | <0.0001** |
| IL-18 (pg/ml) | 57.4 (37.2;101) | 51.9 (31.0;85.8) | 8.49 (−23.4;37.7) | 0.023* | 36.2 (20.1;60.8) | <0.0001** |
| Osteopontin (ng/ml) | 65.0 (38.8;101) | 54.4 (37.8;80.9) | 5.48 (−15.9;37.8) | 0.013* | 36.2 (29.5;42.4) | <0.0001** |
| Chemokines | ||||||
| BCA-1 (pg/ml) | 170 (74.2;489) | 32.0 (18.2;55.6) | 116 (27.6;416) | <0.0001* | 29.6 (19.8;44.8) | <0.0001** |
| IL-8 (pg/ml) | 19.5 (7.33;51.2) | 7.09 (3.59;15.3) | 7.60 (−2.26;40.4) | <0.0001* | 3.00 (1.30;5.19) | <0.0001** |
| IP-10 (pg/ml) | 11.1 (6.01;23.7) | 13.2 (7.68;25.0) | −0.87 (−7.95;7.95) | 0.73 | 3.28 (2.19;5.30) | <0.0001** |
| RANTES (ng/ml) | 60.3 (33.4;107) | 52.3 (30.8;90.0) | 0.00 (−16.6;31.3) | 0.43 | 58.3 (27.7;91.4) | 0.11 |
| TARC (pg/ml) | 520 (234;1535) | 655 (347;>2500) | −62.7 (−439;92.4) | 0.0046* | 177 (115;367) | <0.0001** |
| Soluble receptors | ||||||
| IL-18BP (pg/ml) | 116 (21.6;768) | 14.6 (<6.11;55.1) | 87.7 (1.46;537) | <0.0001* | 13.9 (6.11;46.5) | <0.0001** |
| sIL-2R (pg/ml) | <2.44 (<2.44;153) | <2.44 (<2.44;<2.44) | 0.00 (0.00;120) | <0.0001* | <2.44 (<2.44;<2.44) | 0.0005** |
| sIL-6R (ng/ml) | 27.4 (21.1;43.1) | 21.9 (15.4;33.0) | 4.27 (−3.12;12.5) | 0.0002* | 15.8 (11.7;20.0) | <0.0001** |
| sTNF-RII (pg/ml) | 2671 (1306;4855) | 2417 (1350;5808) | 122 (−2068;1606) | 0.86 | 499 (295;687) | <0.0001** |
| Tissue damage and repair | ||||||
| ACE (ng/ml) | 105 (73.8;144) | 178 (130;252) | −70.9 (−137; −24.6) | <0.0001* | 96.7 (81.4;115) | 0.076 |
| bFGF (pg/ml) | 3.05 (<0.98;34.4) | <0.98 (<0.98;9.77) | 0.00 (0.00;28.5) | <0.0001* | 2.39 (<0.98;11.0) | 0.42 |
| KIM-1 (pg/ml) | 242 (73.4;744) | 45.6 (17.2;127) | 134 (27.1;691) | <0.0001* | 19.8 (8.08;128) | <0.0001** |
| MMP-3 (ng/ml) | 96.6 (46.6;148) | 15.6 (11.8;29.1) | 79.1 (27.4;126) | <0.0001* | 10.2 (7.02;15.5) | <0.0001** |
| NGFβ (pg/ml) | 9.11 (3.15;37.0) | 2.48 (1.25;4.32) | 5.11 (0.67;31.4) | <0.0001* | 2.11 (0.77;4.53) | <0.0001** |
| PDGF-AB (pg/ml) | 4298 (1573;6585) | 3260 (879;5374) | 798 (−617;2980) | 0.0003* | 8877 (5812;11510) | <0.0001** |
| TIMP-1 (ng/ml) | 477 (302;862) | 166 (125;233) | 269 (67.1;638) | <0.0001* | 117 (65.4;163) | <0.0001** |
| Inflammation and vascular injury | ||||||
| Clusterin (μg/ml) | 77.1 (65.3;89.3) | 73.0 (59.4;85.9) | 5.52 (−8.12;18.2) | 0.0079* | 71.9 (61.2;83.0) | 0.0085** |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 1.2 (0.5;4.0) | 0.5 (0.3;1.2) | 0.7 (0.0;3.3) | <0.0001* | ND | ND |
| ESR (mm/h) | 37 (16;60) | 14 (7;22) | 19 (2;39) | <0.0001* | ND | ND |
| ICAM-1 (ng/ml) | 463 (307;933) | 537 (345;882) | −61.3 (−198;103) | 0.004* | 281 (226;337) | <0.0001** |
| NGAL (ng/ml) | 271 (176;399) | 172 (129;237) | 80.3 (6.96 ;214) | <0.0001* | 117 (92.4;150) | <0.0001** |
| PAI-1 (pg/ml) | 1491 (<977;5650) | 1202 (<977;4719) | 0.00 (−1449;2325) | 0.39 | 3307 (1083;7236) | 0.0008** |
| VCAM-1 (ng/ml) | 133 (95.4;174) | 148 (108;224) | −7.75 (−84.4;26.9) | 0.0035* | 139 (84.3;188) | 0.9 |
Values are median (IQR).
p<0.05 by Wilcoxon signed rank test, after adjustment for multiple comparisons.
p<0.05 by Wilcoxon rank sum test comparing screening to healthy controls, after adjustment for multiple comparisons.
BCA-1, CXCL13; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IL-8, CXCL8; IL-18BP, interleukin 18 binding protein; IP-10, CXCL10; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; MMP-3, matrix metalloproteinase-3; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; NGFβ, nerve growth factor β; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PDGF-AB, platelet-derived growth factor, A and B subunits; RANTES, CCL5; sIL-2R, soluble IL 2 receptor; sIL-6R, soluble IL 6 receptor; sTNF-RII, soluble TNF receptor II; TARC, CCL17; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.