Table 3.
Marker levels in patients with newly diagnosed or relapsing ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), and in patients treated or not treated with glucocorticoids at the time of screening
| Newly diagnosed or relapsing AAV
|
Glucocorticoid treatment at screening
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marker | Relapsing (n=96) | New (n=90) | p Value | Yes (n=92) | No (n=94) | p Value |
| Cytokines | ||||||
| G-CSF | 23.4 (11.5;56.3) | 17.2 (6.60;41.2) | 0.032 | 21.5 (10.2;47.6) | 22.7 (8.79;49.2) | 0.81 |
| GM-CSF | 39.0 (2.78;243) | 18.1 (1.72;269) | 0.4 | 26.7 (1.92;236) | 23.3 (2.66;269) | 0.85 |
| IFNγ | <0.49 (<0.49;2.06) | <0.49 (<0.49;2.11) | 0.87 | <0.49 (<0.49;0.79) | <0.49 (<0.49;3.56) | 0.4 |
| IL-6 | 2.52 (0.53;19.9) | 1.93 (0.69;20.0) | 0.92 | 2.04 (<0.49;20.4) | 2.12 (0.63;19.8) | 0.87 |
| IL-15 | 30.2 (10.4;110) | 17.9 (7.23;99.3) | 0.31 | 26.8 (9.11;102) | 20.6 (8.28;116) | 0.4 |
| IL-18 | 58.0 (34.5;113) | 52.1 (30.7;101) | 0.31 | 56.5 (38.6;145) | 56.6 (30.7;99.4) | 0.22 |
| Osteopontin | 49.0 (34.0;75.5) | 76.5 (45.7;116) | 0.0004* | 50.7 (32.2;81.4) | 68.9 (46.3;107) | 0.0021 |
| Chemokines | ||||||
| BCA-1 | 125 (53.4;320) | 232 (84.5;771) | 0.011* | 153 (62.9;474) | 199 (74.5;603) | 0.65 |
| IL-8 | 19.1 (7.11;44.8) | 17.9 (5.71;53.3) | 0.94 | 17.4 (5.82;44.8) | 19.9 (7.18;51.2) | 0.48 |
| IP-10 | 12.4 (6.55;23.2) | 9.92 (5.21;23.4) | 0.54 | 13.3 (6.63;21.8) | 9.85 (5.09;23.7) | 0.35 |
| RANTES | 59.2 (34.0;113) | 64.2 (36.0;93.4) | 0.66 | 56.5 (35.4;89.5) | 74.7 (36.5;117) | 0.19 |
| TARC | 869 (238;1901) | 444 (227;999) | 0.042 | 504 (187;1582) | 595 (287;1841) | 0.23 |
| Soluble receptors | ||||||
| IL-18BP | 160 (22.7;828) | 80.3 (20.2;969) | 0.73 | 119 (14.5;834) | 134 (22.6;825) | 0.74 |
| sIL-2Rα | <2.44 (<2.44;206) | <2.44 (<2.44;250) | 0.98 | <2.44 (<2.44;206) | <2.44 (<2.44;250) | 0.91 |
| sIL-6R | 25.6 (19.5;33.0) | 29.0 (22.7;44.8) | 0.021 | 26.4 (20.2;37.0) | 26.5 (21.5;43.3) | 0.71 |
| sTNF-RII | 1912 (1167;3885) | 3110 (1646;5392) | 0.012* | 2039 (1123;4532) | 2886 (1481;4661) | 0.054 |
| Tissue damage and repair | ||||||
| ACE | 113 (76.2;166) | 106 (70.1;145) | 0.38 | 113 (73.2;156) | 105 (72.0;150) | 0.96 |
| bFGF | 3.86 (<0.98;50.6) | 2.86 (<0.98;37.4) | 0.54 | 3.20 (<0.98;55.1) | 2.86 (<0.98;37.4) | 0.38 |
| KIM-1 | 190 (49.5;709) | 274 (89.6;1267) | 0.08 | 157 (48.5;698) | 298 (113;1550) | 0.011 |
| MMP3 | 83.3 (48.0;156) | 101 (47.1;146) | 0.77 | 94.6 (54.8;160) | 88.7 (37.0;136) | 0.077 |
| NGFβ | 9.57 (4.08;43.9) | 6.68 (2.05;35.6) | 0.17 | 9.19 (3.69;40.6) | 8.85 (2.61;37.9) | 0.76 |
| PDGF-AB | 2769 (968;5002) | 4682 (2322;7392) | 0.0072* | 3541 (1261;5940) | 4136 (1440;7338) | 0.2 |
| TIMP-1 | 389 (236;673) | 525 (311;1149) | 0.01* | 473 (290;730) | 430 (253;1055) | 0.78 |
| Inflammation and vascular injury | ||||||
| Clusterin | 76.7 (65.3;87.0) | 80.9 (66.4;96.1) | 0.24 | 79.0 (66.5;94.8) | 75.6 (65.7;88.8) | 0.17 |
| CRP | 0.8 (0.39;2.45) | 1.96 (0.6;6.3) | 0.0026* | 0.9 (0.3;2.3) | 1.9 (0.6;4.9) | 0.003 |
| ESR | 29 (13;52) | 49 (26;80) | 0.0002* | 29 (13;53) | 48 (25;70) | 0.005 |
| ICAM-1 | 413 (292;775) | 555 (346;1005) | 0.02 | 450 (305;974) | 484 (317;819) | 0.96 |
| NGAL | 223 (153;342) | 291 (222;431) | 0.0057* | 224 (161;340) | 283 (204;428) | 0.045 |
| PAI-1 | 1089 (<977;4761) | 1002 (<977;6481) | 0.77 | 1887 (<977;5817) | <977 (<977;4509) | 0.28 |
| VCAM-1 | 120 (87.8;168) | 144 (106;177) | 0.026 | 127 (95.3;179) | 138 (95.5;77.9) | 0.52 |
Values are median (IQR). For units, see table 1.
p<0.05 comparing newly diagnosed with relapsing AAV, still significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. No marker met this standard comparing subjects treated or not treated with glucocorticoids, although several unadjusted p values were<0.05.
BCA-1, CXCL13; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IL-8, CXCL8; IL-18BP, interleukin 18 binding protein; IP-10, CXCL10; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; MMP-3, matrix metalloproteinase-3; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; NGFβ, nerve growth factor β; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PDGF-AB, platelet-derived growth factor, A and B subunits; RANTES, CCL5; sIL-2R, soluble IL 2 receptor; sIL-6R, soluble IL 6 receptor; sTNF-RII, soluble TNF receptor II; TARC, CCL17; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.