Table 2. Four primary research studies focused on Israeli adolescents.
| Study | Setting | Sample characteristics | Methods | Significant results | Non-significant results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemtob et al., 2011 | Israel | Participants were 2,094 students 52.2% of the participants were girls Ages 12-18 |
Cross-sectional Self-reported Convenience sample drawn from 10 Israeli secondary schools Outcome: PTSD diagnosis |
Risk Factors: GLOBAL: N/A MACRO: Exposure (being present and injured, or not injured, or supposed to be near where an attack occurred, or being at the site before it took place) MEZZO: N/A MICRO: loved one injured in an attack INDIVIDUAL: boys, functional impairment Protective factors: GLOBAL: N/A MACRO: N/A MEZZO: N/A MICRO: N/A INDIVIDUAL: Older age |
None were reported |
| Laufer et al., 2009 | 4 areas of Israel | 2,999 Israeli adolescents 42.2% boys and 57.8% girls Grades 7 to 9 (35.5% were 13 years old, 36.5% were 14 years old, 26.9% were 15 years old and 1% was 16 years old) |
Cross-sectional Self-reported Cluster sampling of Israeli adolescents Outcome: PTSD symptom severity |
Risk Factors: GLOBAL: N/A MACRO: Greater exposure MEZZO: N/A MICRO: N/A INDIVIDUAL: Social extrinsic religiosity, ideological intolerance, and fear Protective factors: None were reported |
None were reported |
| Levine et al., 2008 | Israel | 4,054 Israeli adolescents 1st sample (n=2,999) and 2nd sample (n=1,745) 1st sample- grades 7 to 9 2nd sample- Ages 16 |
Cross-sectional Self-reported Data were pooled from two adolescent samples that responded to the same questionnaires Outcome: PTSD symptom severity |
Risk Factors: GLOBAL: N/A MACRO: N/A MEZZO: N/A MICRO: N/A INDIVIDUAL: Self-reported posttraumatic growth related to greater PTSD; curvilinear relationship suggested the relationship was strongest at mid-point of PTSD severity Protective factors: None were reported |
None were reported |
| Pat-Horenczyk et al., 2007 | Jerusalem | 695 Israeli high school students 315 boys and 380 girls Grades 7 to 12 Ages 12-18 |
Cross-sectional Diagnostic interview Questionnaire study conducted in school setting Outcome: PTSD diagnosis |
Risk Factors: GLOBAL: N/A MACRO: Greater exposure (personal, near-miss) MEZZO: N/A MICRO: N/A INDIVIDUAL: female sex Protective factors: None were reported |
GLOBAL: N/A MACRO: N/A MEZZO: N/A MICRO: N/A INDIVIDUAL: No significant interactions were found between exposure level and PTSD symptoms No significant interaction found between gender and exposure for the diagnosis of probable PTSD |