. 2016 Jun 14;45:1889–1901. doi: 10.1007/s10964-016-0520-4

Table 1.

Descriptive variables for all five groups

	“Low” (n = 1537)		“CU-only” (n = 180)		“Increasing” (n = 111)		“CD + CU” (n = 114)		“CD-only” (n = 96)		p
Age	16.98 (0.91)^ab		17.04 (0.91)^b		16.73 (0.88)^a		16.90 (1.03)^ab		16.88 (0.77)^ab		.04
Gender	585 m 943f^a		112 m 66f^b		93 m 17f^c		97 m 15f^c		66 m 29f^c		<.001

	Time 1	Time 2	Time 1	Time 2	Time 1	Time 2	Time 1	Time 2	Time 1	Time 2
YI-4 CD	1.87 (1.86)^a	2.30 (2.16)^a	2.61 (2.24)^a	3.76 (2.45)^b	3.98 (3.47)^b	19.50 (8.66)^e	16.56 (8.56)^d	16.83 (8.11)^d	8.90 (5.48)^c	11.71 (7.14)^c	<.001
ICU CU	19.99 (6.65)^a	19.72 (6.53)^a	34.15 (4.13)^b	34.08 (4.04)^c	25.25 (7.97)^c	35.99 (5.76)^cd	35.86 (6.49)^c	36.18 (4.93)^d	23.61 (5.32)^b	22.93 (7.03)^b	<.001

Means and standard deviations (M(SD)) as well as frequencies at measurement points (Time 1 and Time 2)

YI-4 Checkmate plus Youth’s Inventory-4, CD conduct disorder, ICU inventory of callous–unemotional traits, CU callous–unemotional traits

p for group comparison, means with different subscripts (a, b, c, d) differ significantly from each other at the p < .05 level