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. 2016 Aug 12;15:86. doi: 10.1186/s12940-016-0168-2

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Non-linear relationships between longevity measures and PM_2.5. Panels a and b present the relationship between exceptional aging and PM_2.5 for the unadjusted and fully adjusted models, respectively. Panels c and d present the relationship between life expectancy and PM_2.5 for the unadjusted and fully adjusted models, respectively. Spline smooth functions allowed for up to four degrees of freedom. Unadjusted models exclude controls for smoking and obesity, while full models include these controls