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. 2016 Jul 14;8:1127–1136. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.07.010

Table 1.

Comparison of common and abundant terpenes at different grape development stages in the 2013-14 growing seasona.

GC Peak number Compound number Terpenes compounds and classes Chemical structuresb Odour qualityc Concentration at different weeks post-flowering (wpf) (µg α-copaene equivalents/ mean berry weight in kg) Percentage of individual terpenoids to total terpenoids in terms of GC peak area
wpf 4
 wpf 6
 wpf 9
 wpf 11
 wpf 13
 wpf 15
 wpf 17
E-L 31 E-L 32 EL 34-35 E-L 35-36 E-L 36 E-L 37 E-L 38
Monoterpenes (Monoterpenoids)
1 10 Limonene Image 1 lemon, orange 6.25±0.76 NDd ND ND ND ND ND
1.12%
2 12 1,8-Cineole Image 2 mint, sweet 7.94±0.66a 2.21±1.6b 1.34±0.14b 1.21±0.61b 1.73±0.31b 2.37±0.92b 1.87±1.27b
1.43% 1.34% 3.20% 4.73% 6.03% 7.72% 4.21%
3 9 Geraniol Image 3 rose, geranium 9.31±6.33a 5.57±3.16ab 1.06±0.14b 2.17±0.72b 5.73±1.66ab 6.48±0.42ab 6.36±0.59ab
1.67% 3.38% 2.53% 8.49% 19.99% 21.12% 14.30
16 7 Geranyl acetonee Image 4 magnolia, green 27.18±5.86a 22.39±7.31a 5.16±1.76b 1.13±0.54b 1.30±0.31b 1.62±0.25b 1.77±0.15b
4.89% 13.58% 12.33% 4.45% 4.54% 5.28% 3.99%
27 15 Citronellol Image 5 rose 1.47±0.47a 2.88±1.33b 0.79±0.44a ND ND ND ND
0.26% 1.75% 1.89%
Sesquiterpenes
6 19 Clovene Image 6 NAf 0.55±0.09a ND ND 0.52±0.19a 0.26±0.06b 0.25±0.06b 0.54±0.16a
2.05% 0.91% 0.81% 1.22%
0.10%
7 51 α-Ylangene Image 7 NA ND ND ND ND ND 1.40±0.44ga 4.16±0.51b
4.56% 9.36%
10 53 β-Bourbonene Image 8 herb ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.77±0.27
1.74%
Sesquiterpenes
11 18 (E)- β-Caryophyllene Image 9 wood, spice 166.65±24.10a 27.12±4.52b 4.72±0.93c ND ND ND ND
29.95% 16.45% 11.30%
12 54 β-Copaene Image 10 NA ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.19±0.09
2.67%
13 22 α-Guaieneh Image 11 wood, balsamic 0.09±0.03ab 0.26±0.04c 0.07±0.03ab 0.03±0.01a 0.02±0.01a 0.01±0.01a 0.11±0.08b
0.02% 0.16% 0.16% 0.10% 0.06% 0.05% 0.24%
14 30 Guaia-6,9-diene Image 12 NA ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.26±0.20
2.84%
15 52 Selina-4(15),6-diene Image 13 NA ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.44±0.23
0.99%
17 20 α-Humulene Image 14 wood 188.50±33.58a 18.12±5.48b 1.78±0.42b 1.02±0.31b 0.32±0.21b 0.86±0.19fb 0.88±0.55b
33.88% 10.99% 4.26% 3.98% 1.13% 2.79% 1.97%
18 40 γ-Muurolene Image 15 herb, wood, spice 3.67±1.20a 0.86±0.23b ND ND ND ND ND
0.66% 0.52%
Sesquiterpenes
20 27 δ-Selinene Image 16 NA ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.20±0.28
2.70%
21 46 epi-Zonarene Image 17 NA ND ND ND ND ND 0.14i 3.15±0.33
0.47% 7.09%
22 38 α-Muurolene Image 18 wood 6.44±0.74a 3.29±0.74b ND ND ND ND ND
1.16% 2.00%
23 34 γ-Cadinene Image 19 wood ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.89±0.22
4.26%
24 39 δ-Cadinene Image 20 thyme, medicine, wood 40.28±5.44a 11.08±0.83b 1.83±0.47c 0.95±0.16c 0.95±0.92c 0.33±0.02c 1.39±0.35c
7.24% 6.72% 4.37% 3.71% 3.31% 1.09% 3.12%
25 48/49 Cis/trans-Calamenene Image 21 herb, spice ND 2.47±0.13a 0.18±0.15c 0.10±0.04c 0.10±0.05c 0.14±0.03gc 0.77±0.01b
1.50% 0.44% 0.41% 0.34% 0.45% 1.72%
26 47 Zonarene Image 22 NA 29.52±2.54a 2.19±0.52b 0.16±0.18gb 0.05±0.02fb ND ND ND
5.31% 1.33% 0.37% 0.19%
Sesquiterpenes
28 28 7-epi-α-Selinene Image 23 NA ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.73±0.26
1.65%
29 36 ω-Cadinene Image 24 NA 6.24±0.84a 1.79±0.29b ND ND ND ND ND
1.12% 1.09%
30 35 α-Cadinene Image 25 NA ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.74±0.12
1.66%
31 42 α-Calacorene Image 26 wood 4.44±0.51a 3.01±0.18b 0.26±0.18c 0.11±0.03c ND ND 0.49±0.33c
0.80% 1.83% 0.62% 0.42%
1.10%
32 57 Epi-Cubenol Image 27 NA 5.47±0.19 ND ND ND ND ND ND
0.98%
33 NA Cubenol Image 28 spice, herb, green tea 5.43±0.63 ND ND ND ND ND ND
0.98%
Norisoprenoids
4 60 Theaspirane isomer A Image 29 fruits, peach, honey 21.14±1.78a 32.16±4.57b 14.30±0.62c 10.90±2.23c 12.08±1.09c 13.64±0.76c 11.49±2.71c
3.80% 19.51% 34.19% 42.74% 42.15% 44.48% 25.83%
5 60 Theaspirane isomer B Image 30 camphor, mint, wood, eucalyptus 8.36±1.23a 13.19±2.44b 5.39±0.08c 3.31±0.88d 2.87±0.31d 2.58±0.08d 1.74±0.28d
1.50% 8.00% 12.90% 12.97% 10.02% 8.43% 3.91%
9 62 (E)-β-Damascenone Image 31 apple. rose, honey 4.61±0.86a 5.01±1.07a 2.10±0.28b 1.97±0.50b 1.36±0.56b ND ND
0.83% 3.04% 5.02% 7.73% 4.75%
19 61 β-Ionone Image 32 seaweed, violet, flower, raspberry 12.85±2.16a 11.23±1.46b 2.73±0.15c 2.07±0.31c 1.94±0.22c 1.64±0.22c 1.52±0.73c
2.31% 6.81% 6.54% 8.11% 6.78% 5.35% 3.42%
Total monoterpenoids 52.15±10.74a 33.06±11.62b 8.34±1.98c 4.51±0.96c 8.76±2.05c 10.46±1.25c 10.01±1.75c
9.37% 20.06% 19.95% 17.67% 30.56% 34.12% 22.50%
Total norisoprenoids 46.95±4.76a 61.60±9.44b 24.53±0.84c 18.25±3.89c 18.26±2.05c 17.87±0.96c 14.75±3.60c
8.44% 37.37% 58.65% 71.54% 63.70% 58.26% 33.16%
Total sesquiterpenes 457.27±66.87a 70.19±10.62b 8.95±1.42c 2.75±0.68c 1.65±1.12c 2.34±1.56c 19.72±2.71c
82.19% 42.58% 21.40% 10.79% 5.75% 7.62% 44.34%
Total terpenoids 556.37±54.62a 164.84±30.14b 41.81±1.15c 25.51±5.00c 28.67±3.80c 30.67±1.46c 44.47±6.72c
Total volatile compounds 2297.53±495.00a 1564.11±517.35b 592.44±77.34c 511.38±58.63c 674.18±69.08c 859.16±60.13c 750.77±87.62c
Percentage of terpenoids to total volatile compounds 24.22% 10.54% 7.06% 4.99% 4.25% 3.57% 5.92%
a

Different letters in the column represent significantly different means ± standard error (p<0.05).

b

The enantiomeric purity of most chiral compounds is unknown, and so here a single enantiomer was chosen to represent each compound.

c

Odour of the compound taken from Flavornet by Terry Acre and Heinrich Arn, http://www.flavornet.org © Datu Inc., 2014, and Leffingwell & Associates, http://www.leffingwell.com © Leffingwell & Associates, 2014.

d

Not detected.

e

Geranyl acetone is a monoterpenoid, not a monoterpene.

f

Not available.

g

The compound was detected in 2 replicates only.

h

α-Guaiene was expressed as the ratio of m/z 147: m/z 161 multiplied by the concentration of internal standard, α-Guaiene was expressed as the ratio of m/z 147: m/z 161 multipliedy by the concentration of internal standard, α-copaene.

i

The compound was detected only in 1 replicate only.