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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2016 Jun 8;111(9):1582–1589. doi: 10.1111/add.13398

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Indirect effects of ADHD on alcohol problems through positive urgency, lack of planning, and lack of perseverance. Age, gender, race, past year alcohol use frequency, and diagnosis of conduct disorder were included as covariates. To ease presentation of the results, only the results for the count outcome are reported. The reported path coefficients are standardized, and bold lines indicate a significant association in the model. PU = positive urgency; PER = lack of perseverance; PLAN = lack of planning.

Notes: *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001