(a) Pulmonary localization

Signs		Laboratory findings		Signs
Bronchiectasis	++	Repeated massive isolation	+++	Cavitary, HIV
Nonspecific, CF, and COPD†	+/−∗	Repeated isolation	+++	Systemic
	−	Single isolation	+∗
Low benefit of antibiotic treatment versus adverse effects Consider long-term observation Supportive therapy			Antibiotic treatment necessary
Colonization: COPD, CF, coniosis-mild course, mycobacterial overgrowth-exacerbation; infection: chronic course, CT (RTG) progressive changes, and systemic signs.