Table 3.

Antibiotic regimes, summarization.

	Combination	Duration	Comments
Pulmonary
Cavitary disease Pneumonia	Clarithromycin 500–1000 mg/d or Azithromycin 250–300 mg/d Rifampicin 450–600 mg/d	Up to 12 months, negative culture Initial administration of injectable agents for 8 to 12 weeks Streptomycin (10–15 mg/kg/3x/week) Amikacin 8–25 mg/kg 2-3 times weekly	In case of macrolide resistance or intolerance clofazimine and quinolones may be useful based on strain resistance profiles
Bronchiectatic-fibronodular CF, COPD	Clarithromycin 1000 mg/d or Azithromycin 500–600 mg/d Ethambutol 25 mg/kg Rifampicin 600 mg	Intermittent three times weekly In nonresponsive output change to daily dosage	Adjuvant therapy of underlying disease, bronchodilators, airways clearance support, smoking cessation, and nutrition
Hypersensitivity	Prednisone 1-2 mg/kg/daily	4–8 weeks, repeated exposure must be avoided	Long postexposure observation to exclude lung disease progression
Extrapulmonary
Systemic, disseminated, and HIV infection	Clarithromycin 500 mg/twice daily or Azithromycin 1200 mg/daily Rifabutin 300 mg/d Ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily	Up to 12 months Initial administration of injectable agents for 8 to 12 weeks Streptomycin (10–15 mg/kg/3x/week) Amikacin 8–25 mg/kg 2-3 times weekly	Prevention Azithromycin 500 mg/daily Ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily or Clarithromycin 500 mg/twice daily +/− Rifabutin 300 mg/daily, HIV with < 50 CD4 cells/L
Skin, soft tissue, and osteoarticular disease	Chirurgical debridement, excision Support: Clarithromycin 500–1000 mg/d or Azithromycin 250–300 mg/d Rifampicin 450–600 mg/d	In case of indolent persistence, supportive in more excessive involvement:  Streptomycin (10–15 mg/kg/3x/week) Amikacin 8–25 mg/kg 2-3 times weekly
Lymphadenitis	Complete extirpation  Support: Clarithromycin Rifampicin	Duration and dosage not established,see pulmonary, consider Ethambutol with caution in infants!	Antibiotic treatment only in cases where extirpation is contraindicated or with poor outcome after surgery, considering superinfection with other microorganisms