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. 2016 Jul 31;2016:6945415. doi: 10.1155/2016/6945415

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Learning and memory assessed by performance on the Morris water maze (a, b) and passive avoidance test (c, d). Time spent on the platform or 4th quadrant of the Morris water maze was recorded for the retention test (a, b). Latencies to step on the platform in the acquisition and retention trials of the passive avoidance test (c, d). Each value is represented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus the naive group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, and ### P < 0.001 versus the TMT group, respectively.