Table 3.
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated With Use of Multiple Tobacco Products among Current Tobacco Users1
| Variable | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | p |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.97 (0.95–0.98) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||
| Male (Ref) | 1 | |
| Female | 0.87 (0.58–1.28) | 0.473 |
| Education | ||
| More than high school/GED (Ref) | 1 | |
| Less than high school/GED | 1.09 (0.69–1.72) | 0.725 |
| High school/GED | 0.93 (0.64–1.35) | 0.702 |
| Race | ||
| Hispanic (Ref) | 1 | |
| Black/African American | 0.97 (0.49–1.91) | 0.925 |
| White | 0.92 (0.48–1.78) | 0.812 |
| Other | 0.67 (0.30–1.51) | 0.336 |
| Program type | ||
| Residential (Ref) | 1 | |
| Outpatient | 1.05 (0.63–1.75) | 0.837 |
| Methadone | 1.08 (0.61–1.91) | 0.803 |
| Cigarettes per Day (CPD) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | <0.001 |
| Any quit attempts in past year | ||
| No (Ref) | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.41 (1.02–1.96) | 0.041 |
| Ever used nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) | ||
| No (Ref) | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.44 (0.96–2.15) | 0.076 |
| Pierce Advertising Receptivity | ||
| Low/Moderate (Ref) | 1 | |
| High | 1.40 (0.92–2.14) | 0.114 |
| Exposure to advertising of other tobacco products | ||
| No (Ref) | 1 | |
| < Weekly | 1.53 (0.96–2.44) | 0.077 |
| Weekly | 1.41 (0.82–2.44) | 0.213 |
| Daily | 1.93 (1.35–2.75) | <0.001 |
| Exposure to Real Cost counter- marketing campaign | ||
| No (Ref) | 1 | |
| < Weekly | 0.88 (0.57–1.38) | 0.586 |
| Weekly | 0.91 (0.54–1.56 ) | 0.738 |
| Daily | 1.70 (1.09–2.63) | 0.019 |
| Perceived health risk of smoking | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.244 |
1
The multiple logistic regression model included all variables listed in the table, and controlled for nesting of participants within program. As rates of missing data were very low, the multivariate model used complete case analysis in which 885 of 915 cases were included.