Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of REGARDS study participants with and without a history of stroke symptoms, overall and by race.
| Without a history of stroke symptoms | With a history of stroke symptoms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | All participants n = 18,066 | Blacks n = 7,228 | Whites n = 10,838 | All participants n = 3,432 | Blacks n = 1,771 | Whites n = 1,661 |
| Age (years), mean [SD] | 64.6 [9.3] | 63.2 [9.1] | 63.9 [9.2] | 64.9 [9.7] | 63.4 [9.7] | 64.4 [9.4] |
| Blacks, n (%) | 7,228 (40.0) | 7,228 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1,771 (51.6) | 1,771 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Female, n (%) | 10,452 (57.9) | 4,610 (63.8) | 5,842 (53.9) | 2,146 (62.5) | 1,180 (66.6) | 966 (58.2) |
| Region of residence,* n (%) | ||||||
| Belt | 6,207 (34.4) | 2,404 (33.3) | 3,803 (35.1) | 1,246 (36.3) | 654 (36.9) | 592 (35.6) |
| Buckle | 3,779 (20.9) | 1,304 (18.0) | 2,475 (22.8) | 723 (21.1) | 332 (18.7) | 391 (23.5) |
| Non-belt/non-buckle | 8,080 (44.7) | 3,520 (48.7) | 4,560 (42.1) | 1,463 (42.6) | 785 (44.3) | 678 (40.8) |
| Income <$35,000, n (%) | 6,682 (41.9) | 3,476 (54.3) | 3,206 (33.6) | 1,740 (58.8) | 1,075 (70.4) | 665 (46.4) |
| Less than high school education, n (%) | 1,680 (9.3) | 1,109 (15.4) | 571 (5.3) | 620 (18.1) | 462 (26.1) | 158 (9.5) |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 2,330 (12.9) | 1,116 (15.5) | 1,214 (11.2) | 618 (18.1) | 365 (20.7) | 253 (15.3) |
| Any exercise, n (%) | 12,263 (68.9) | 4,715 (66.1) | 7,548 (70.7) | 2,097 (62.2) | 1,035 (59.6) | 1,062 (64.9) |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean [SD] | 95.6 [15.4] | 97.2 [15.3] | 93.4 [15.3] | 97.7 [16.4] | 99.1 [16.7] | 94.6 [15.4] |
| SBP (mmHg), mean [SD] | 127.0 [16.3] | 129.7 [16.7] | 124.3 [15.3] | 128.6 [17.5] | 130.5 [17.7] | 124.8 [16.1] |
| Antihypertensive medication use, n (%) | 8,033 (46.3) | 4,136 (59.3) | 3,897 (37.5) | 1,828 (56.1) | 1,138 (67.5) | 690 (43.8) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3,567 (19.7) | 1,995 (27.6) | 1,572 (14.5) | 966 (28.1) | 650 (36.7) | 316 (19.0) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean [SD] | 192.9 [39.5] | 195.6 [39.9] | 196.3 [37.9] | 191.5 [41.4] | 194.0 [41.3] | 196.5 [39.5] |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean [SD] | 52.2 [16.3] | 54.4 [16.0] | 52.3 [16.5] | 51.1 [15.8] | 53.4 [15.7] | 51.0 [16.1] |
| Statin use, n (%) | 4,334 (24.0) | 1,651 (22.9) | 2,683 (24.8) | 878 (25.6) | 451 (25.5) | 427 (25.7) |
| ACR (mg/g), median [25th, 75th pctl] | 6.8 [4.5, 13.3] | 7.2 [4.5, 15.9] | 6.6 [4.4, 12.0] | 7.3 [4.6, 16.1] | 7.5 [4.6, 19.8] | 7.1 [4.5, 13.7] |
| eGFR (ml/min/Kg/m2), mean [SD] | 85.7 [19.4] | 91.0 [21.7] | 84.9 [15.6] | 84.6 [22.1] | 91.1 [23.6] | 84.2 [16.3] |
| hsCRP (mg/L), median [25th, 75th pctl] | 2.1 [0.9. 4.7] | 2.7 [1.1, 6.0] | 1.7 [0.8, 4.0] | 2.7 [1.1, 6.0] | 3.2 [1.4, 7.1] | 2.1 [1.0, 4.8] |
ACR: albumin-to-creatinine ratio; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; pctl: percentile; REGARDS: REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation.
*
Stroke buckle includes coastal North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Stroke belt includes the remaining parts of the stroke buckle states and Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana and Arkansas.