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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2016 Jul 6;44(9):2626–2641. doi: 10.1007/s10439-016-1691-6

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The continuum of multi-scale components of cancer pharmacological therapy, and the role of each of the modeling techniques described in the text. The process starts with discovery and characterization of a target, followed by drug lead optimization and extensive in vitro and pre-clinical testing. A new medicine will also require successful testing in the clinical setting. Public domain image credits (bottom to top): NCI Center for Cancer Research (Luana Scheffer, Stephen Lockett, Jairaj Acharya); Wikimedia Commons; NCI Center for Cancer Research (Thomas Ried); National Cancer Institute (Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.); National Cancer Institute (Rhoda Baer); photo courtesy photos-public-domain.com.

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