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. 2016 Jun 8;32:113–119. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.015

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© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Evasion of ISGs by viruses. Both PKR and IFIT1 are ISGs that limit mRNA translation in virally infected cells. PKR phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2α to inhibit translation. Several viruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) shown here, inhibit this function of PKR. As IFIT1 binds to uncapped RNAs to prevent their translation, several viruses encode 2′-O methyltransferases that cap viral RNAs to prevent inhibition of their translation during infection. Abbreviations: murine hepatitis virus (MHV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), vaccinia virus (VACV), and West Nile virus (WNV).