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. 2016 Aug 15;7:260. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00260

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Copyright © 2016 Peer, Strope, Beedie, Ley, Holly, Calis, Farkas, Parepally, Men, Fadiran, Scott, Jenkins, Theodore and Sissung.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Zolpidem plasma concentration vs. time profiles in (A) Group 1: uncastrated males + vehicle (1% CMC, i.p.), (B) Group 2: uncastrated males + disulfiram (suspended in 1% CMC, i.p.), (C) Group 5: castrated males + vehicle, (D) Group 4: females + vehicle, and (E) Group 3: females + disulfiram. Zolpidem (open squares), the major metabolite zolpidem phenyl 4-carboxylic acid (red circles), and the minor metabolite zolpidem 6-carboxylic acid (ZCA) (blue triangles) were measured in rat plasma at varying time points post oral gavage of 2.6 mg/kg either with the ADH/ALDH inhibitor disulfiram, or its vehicle (CMC).