Fig. 4.

Math and nonmath semantic effects. (A) Whole-brain view of semantic effects (meaningful > meaningless) for math statements in professional mathematicians (blue) and for nonmath statements in both groups (green). (B) Mathematical expertise effect: Interaction indicating a large difference between meaningful and meaningless math statements in mathematicians than in controls. (C and D) Average fMRI signals in representative areas responsive to math (C) and to nonmath (D) (see SI Appendix, Figs. S3 and S6 for additional areas).