Fig. S1.

Additional results associated with Fig. 1. (A–D) EPSCs evoked at −70 or +50 mV by optogenetic minimal stimulations (Left) over 100 trials (Right) in example recordings from rats right after in vivo shamLTD at BLA-to-NAc synapses on withdrawal day 45 after cocaine self-administration (A), right after in vivo LTD at BLA-to-NAc synapses on day 45 after saline (B) or cocaine self-administration (C), and 24 h after in vivo LTD at BLA-to-NAc synapses on withdrawal day 45 after saline self-administration (D). (A, Right) Individual traces from A show clear separation of successes vs. failures. Successful responses exhibited similar peak amplitudes. (E–H) Example EPSCs (Left) and the time course (Right) before and during perfusion of Naspm right after in vivo shamLTD at BLA-to-NAc synapses on withdrawal day 45 after cocaine self-administration (E), right after in vivo LTD at BLA-to-NAc synapses on withdrawal day 45 after self-administration of saline (F) or cocaine (G), and 24 h after in vivo LTD at BLA-to-NAc synapses on withdrawal day 45 after saline self-administration (H). (I and J) Examples showing the typical recording time course for baseline and local perfusion of Naspm. The baselines in other related figures were truncated for clarity. (K) Normalized results showing that after 45 d of cocaine withdrawal, incubation of cocaine craving was intact in rats tested right after in vivo shamLTD on withdrawal day 45, was abolished right after in vivo LTD on withdrawal day 24, and was recovered 24 h after in vivo LTD on withdrawal day 45. Three independent groups of rats were used for these three experiments. In each experiment, the same group of rats was tested on withdrawal days 1 and 45. In each rat, the number of nose pokes on withdrawal day 45 was normalized to the number of nose pokes on withdrawal day 1 [right after shamLTD: n = 12, t₍₁₁₎ = 3.68, P < 0.01; right after LTD: n = 10, t₍₉₎ = 1.38, P = 0.20; 24 h after LTD: n = 11, t₍₁₀₎ = 3.47, P < 0.01; paired t test]. (L–N) Summarized results showing saline or cocaine self-administration training of rats used for A and E and Fig. 1 D and F (L); B, C, F, and G and Fig. 1 D and F (M); and D and H and Fig. 1 C–F (N).