Table 3.
Mean difference in change and 98·33% CI in outcome measures between groups at 16 and 24 weeks [intention-to-treat (ITT)] ‡
| Group comparison† | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 weeks | |||||||
| Outcome measure | ST+PR vs PR | P value* | ST+SM+PR vs PR | P value* | ST+SM+PR vs ST+PR | P value* | P value+ |
| Systolic BP | −5·4 (−2·0, 9·1) | −1·0 (−12·3, 10·3) | 4·4 (−10·3, 19·1) | 0·7 | |||
| Diastolic BP | −3·6 (−15·4, 8·3) | 1·0 (−9·1, 11·1) | 4·6 (−8·7, 17·9) | 0·4 | |||
| FEV1 (l) | 0·021 (−0·103, 0·145) | 0·022 (−0·117, 0·161) | 0·001 (−0·148, 0·151) | 0·9 | |||
| FVC (l) | 0·32 (−0·10, 0·74) | 0·26 (−0·07, 0·58) | −0·06 (−0·42, 0·29) | 0·1 | |||
| SGRQ | 5·0 (−6·1, 16·0) | −1·0 (−15·6, 13·6) | −6·0 (−23·6, 11·6) | 0·5 | |||
| HAD anxiety | −0·12 (−2·94, 2·70) | 0·53 (−2·01, 3·07) | 0·64 (−2·88, 4·17) | 0·9 | |||
| HAD depression | 0·63 (−1·73, 2·98) | −0·04 (−3·17, 3·10) | −0·66 (−4·25, 2·92) | 0·8 | |||
| 6MWT (m) | −15·3 (−62·6, 31·9) | 1·0 | 33·0 (−11·3, 77·2) | 0·2 | 48·3 (8·9, 87·6) | 0·01 | 0·01 |
| Group comparison† | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 weeks | ||||||||
| Outcome measure | ST+PR vs PR | P value* | ST+SM+PR vs PR | P value* | ST+SM+PR vs ST+PR | P value* | P value+ | |
| Systolic BP | 2·0 (−9·5, 13·5) | 1·3 (−12·7, 15·5) | −0·7 (−14·7, 13·4) | 0·9 | ||||
| Diastolic BP | −2·7 (−15·2, 9·8) | −0·8 (−9·9, 8·3) | 1·9 (−11·6, 15·4) | 0·9 | ||||
| FEV1 (l) | −0·012 (−0·147, 0·122) | 0·056 (−0·106, 0·220) | 0·069 (−0·089, 0·227) | 0·6 | ||||
| FVC (l) | 0·16 (−0·29, 0·62) | 1·0 | 0·40^ (0·02, 0·79) | 0·03 | 0·24 (−0·23, 0·71) | 0·6 | 0·04 | |
| SGRQ | 10·9^ (−0·4, 22·1) | −0·1 (−16·0, 15·7) | −11·0 (−29·5, 7·5) | 0·07 | ||||
| HAD anxiety | 0·29 (−3·62, 4·20) | 0·41 (−2·71, 3·52) | 0·12 (−4·21, 4·44) | 0·9 | ||||
| HAD depression | 1·38 (−0·90, 3·66) | 0·63 (−3·07, 4·32) | −0·75 (−4·81, 3·30) | 0·3 | ||||
| 6MWT (m) | −23·9 (−77·0, 29·2) | 0·8 | 34·6 (−20·7, 89·8) | 0·4 | 58·4 (4·70, 112·2) | 0·02 | 0·03 | |
Fitted as an ANCOVA with baseline as covariate with standard errors calculated using a non-parametric bootstrap.
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR): group 1; soft tissue therapy+pulmonary rehabilitation (ST+PR): group 2; soft tissue therapy+spinal manipulation+pulmonary rehabilitation (ST+SM+PR): group 3; values are mean and (standard error).
BP: blood pressure; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1st second; FVC: forced vital capacity; SGRQ: St George’s respiratory questionnaire; HAD: hospital anxiety and depression scale; 6MWT: 6-minute walking test.
For difference between groups corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction for three comparisons.
For difference between all three groups.
Above minimum clinically important difference (MCID).