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Percentage of Ionized and Unionized Carvedilol (pK a 7.8) at Various pH Values Calculated Using Eq. (3)
| pH | Ionized carvedilol (%) | Unionized carvedilol (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1.2 | 100 | 0 |
| 1.45 | 100 | 0 |
| 1.6 | 100 | 0 |
| 4.5 | 99.95 | 0.05 |
| 5.0 | 99.84 | 0.16 |
| 6.5 | 95.23 | 4.77 |
| 6.8 | 90.91 | 9.09 |
| 7.2 | 79.92 | 20.08 |
| 7.8 | 50 | 50 |
