Table 2. Prognostic factors for overall and cancer-specific mortality.

	Overall survival using Cox regression				Cancer-specific survival using Cox regression
	Univariatea		Full modelb		Univariatea		Full modelb
	HR (95% CI)	Pc	HR (95% CI)	Pc	HR (95% CI)	Pc	HR (95% CI)	Pc
Histology
Non-mucinous	Reference	<0.001	Reference	0.269	Reference	<0.001	Reference	0.169
Mucinous	1.21 (1.18–1.25)		1.02 (0.99–1.05)		1.26 (1.22–1.31)		1.03 (0.99–1.06)
Location
Caecum	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001
Ascending colon	0.88 (0.86–0.91)		1.00 (0.97–1.03)		0.80 (0.77–0.83)		0.97 (0.94–1.00)
Hepatic flexure	0.89 (0.85–0.93)		1.02 (0.97–1.07)		0.85 (0.80–0.89)		1.01 (0.96–1.07)
Transverse colon	0.91 (0.88–0.95)		0.99 (0.95–1.02)		0.88 (0.84–0.92)		0.95 (0.91–1.00)
Splenic flexure	0.89 (0.84–0.93)		0.92 (0.87–0.97)		0.91 (0.86–0.97)		0.89 (0.84–0.95)
Descending colon	0.79 (0.75–0.82)		0.90 (0.86–0.94)		0.80 (0.76–0.85)		0.87 (0.83–0.92)
Sigmoid colon	0.73 (0.71–0.75)		0.87 (0.84–0.89)		0.74 (0.72–0.77)		0.84 (0.81–0.87)
Tumour stage (AJCC 6th ed.)
I	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001
IIA	1.55 (1.49–1.60)		0.98 (0.89–1.08)		2.47 (2.32–2.64)		1.45 (1.29–1.63)
IIB	2.85 (2.70–3.01)		1.21 (1.09–1.34)		7.05 (6.51–7.63)		2.62 (2.31–2.97)
IIIA	1.13 (1.05–1.22)		1.21 (1.12–1.31)		2.08 (1.85–2.34)		2.13 (1.89–2.39)
IIIB	2.27 (2.19–2.36)		1.45 (1.32–1.59)		5.63 (5.29–5.99)		3.19 (2.85–3.59)
IIIC	3.27 (3.15–3.41)		2.30 (2.10–2.52)		9.59 (9.00–10.2)		5.80 (5.18–6.49)
IV	8.53 (8.24–8.82)		5.58 (5.10–6.10)		28.5 (26.9–30.2)		15.6 (14.0–17.5)
T-stage
T1	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001
T2	1.51 (1.43–1.59)		1.29 (1.22–1.36)		1.87 (1.71–2.06)		1.44 (1.31–1.59)
T3	2.80 (2.68–2.92)		1.67 (1.52–1.84)		6.24 (5.78–6.74)		1.96 (1.73–2.21)
T4	6.06 (5.79–6.35)		2.43 (2.20–2.67)		16.7 (15.5–18.1)		2.95 (2.60–3.33)
Retrieved regional lymph nodes
<12	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001
12+	0.78 (0.77–0.80)		0.74 (0.72–0.75)		0.80 (0.78–0.82)		0.72 (0.70–0.74)
Grade
G1	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001
G2	1.36 (1.30–1.42)		1.07 (1.02–1.11)		1.67 (1.57–1.76)		1.11 (1.05–1.17)
G3	2.24 (2.15–2.34)		1.32 (1.26–1.38)		3.25 (3.06–3.44)		1.48 (1.39–1.57)
G4	2.51 (2.32–2.71)		1.49 (1.38–1.61)		3.67 (3.34–4.02)		1.65 (1.51–1.82)
Unknown	1.07 (0.99–1.15)		1.09 (1.01–1.17)		1.28 (1.17–1.41)		1.20 (1.09–1.32)
Carcinoembryonic antigen
Normal	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001
Elevated	2.59 (2.52–2.66)		1.54 (1.49–1.58)		3.40 (3.28–3.51)		1.61 (1.56–1.67)
Unknown/borderline	1.53 (1.49–1.57)		1.38 (1.34–1.41)		1.65 (1.59–1.70)		1.44 (1.40–1.49)
Year of diagnosis
2004–2005	Reference	<0.001	Reference	0.004	Reference	<0.001	Reference	0.002
2006–2008	0.94 (0.92–0.96)		1.00 (0.98–1.02)		0.94 (0.91–0.96)		1.01 (0.98–1.03)
2009–2011	0.86 (0.84–0.89)		0.96 (0.93–0.99)		0.86 (0.83–0.90)		0.95 (0.91–0.98)
Age (years)
<50	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001
50–64	0.99 (0.95–1.03)		1.14 (1.09–1.19)		0.89 (0.84–0.93)		1.08 (1.03–1.13)
65–79	1.44 (1.38–1.50)		1.88 (1.80–1.96)		1.04 (0.99–1.08)		1.52 (1.45–1.60)
80+	2.84 (2.73–2.96)		3.87 (3.71–4.05)		1.67 (1.59–1.74)		2.71 (2.58–2.85)
Gender
Male	Reference	0.992	Reference	<0.001	Reference	0.011	Reference	<0.001
Female	1.00 (0.98–1.02)		0.81 (0.79–0.82)		1.03 (1.01–1.06)		0.89 (0.87–0.91)
Ethnicity
Caucasian	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001
African-American	1.13 (1.09–1.16)		1.18 (1.14–1.21)		1.25 (1.21–1.29)		1.20 (1.16–1.24)
Other/unknown	0.78 (0.75–0.81)		0.82 (0.79–0.86)		0.86 (0.82–0.90)		0.86 (0.82–0.90)
Marital status
Married	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	Reference	<0.001
Single	1.32 (1.28–1.36)		1.34 (1.30–1.38)		1.34 (1.30–1.39)		1.26 (1.22–1.31)
Widowed	1.85 (1.81–1.89)		1.35 (1.32–1.39)		1.54 (1.50–1.59)		1.27 (1.23–1.32)
Other/unknown	1.20 (1.16–1.24)		1.22 (1.18–1.26)		1.16 (1.12–1.21)		1.15 (1.10–1.19)

Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

^aUnivariate Cox regression analysis.

^bMultivariable Cox regression analysis, full model.

^cLikelihood ratio tests.