TABLE 1—
Hazard Ratios of Mortality From All Causes by Country of Birth Among Immigrant Men and Women in Sweden Aged 30–65 Years in 1997: Follow-Up 1998–2006
| Model 2b |
Model 3c |
Model 4d |
Model 5e |
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| Country | Model 1,a HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | XF%f | HR (95% CI) | XF%f | HR (95% CI) | XF%f | HR (95% CI) | XF%f | Deaths, No. |
| Men | ||||||||||
| Sweden (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 96 658 | ||||
| Finland | 1.67 (1.63, 1.72) | 1.47 (1.43, 1.51) | 30 | 1.40 (1.35, 1.42) | 40 | 1.40 (1.37, 1.44) | 40 | 1.30 (1.26, 1.33) | 55 | 6549 |
| Iraq | 0.79 (0.70, 0.91) | 0.89 (0.78, 1.02) | … | 0.63 (0.57, 0.73) | … | 0.59 (0.52, 0.67) | … | 0.49 (0.43, 0.57) | … | 214 |
| Yugoslavia | 1.25 (1.19, 1.32) | 1.27 (1.21, 1.34) | … | 1.05 (0.99, 1.01) | 80 | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | 96 | 0.90 (0.85, 0.95) | 100 | 1430 |
| Poland | 1.08 (0.97, 1.20) | 1.18 (1.06, 1.30) | … | 0.91 (0.82, 1.00) | 100 | 0.95 (0.85, 1.05) | 100 | 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) | 100 | 365 |
| Iran | 0.66 (0.59, 0.73) | 0.72 (0.64, 0.81) | … | 0.49 (0.44, 0.55) | … | 0.49 (0.44, 0.55) | … | 0.41 (0.37, 0.46) | … | 307 |
| Bosnia | 1.23 (1.14, 1.33) | 1.35 (1.24, 1.46) | … | 1.03 (1.95, 1.12) | 87 | 0.87 (0.80, 0.94) | 100 | 0.73 (0.67, 0.79) | 100 | 615 |
| Germany | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | 1.05 (0.98, 1.13) | … | 0.96 (0.90, 1.03) | … | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) | … | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | … | 787 |
| Denmark | 1.17 (1.09, 1.24) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.16) | 53 | 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) | 94 | 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) | 94 | 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) | 100 | 900 |
| Norway | 1.19 (1.10, 1.30) | 1.13 (1.05, 1.23) | 32 | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17) | 58 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) | 79 | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) | 100 | 623 |
| Turkey | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) | … | 0.74 (0.67, 0.83) | … | 0.81 (0.72, 0.90) | … | 0.76 (0.55, 0.69) | … | 319 |
| Somalia | 1.63 (1.27, 2.10) | 1.75 (1.36, 2.26) | 19 | 1.23 (0.97, 1.62) | 63 | 1.16 (0.90, 1.49) | 75 | 0.93 (0.72, 1.20) | 100 | 59 |
| Thailand | 1.42 (0.81, 2.50) | 1.25 (0.71, 2.19) | 40 | 0.90 (0.51, 1.59) | 100 | 1.03 (0.59, 1.82) | 93 | 0.80 (0.46, 1.42) | 100 | 12 |
| Women | ||||||||||
| Sweden (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 62 028 | ||||
| Finland | 1.19 (1.15, 1.22) | 1.09 (1.06, 1.13) | 53 | 1.08 (1.06, 1.12) | 58 | 1.06 (1.02, 1.09) | 68 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) | 74 | 4160 |
| Iraq | 0.94 (0.78, 1.14) | 0.70 (0.58, 0.85) | … | 0.78 (0.65, 0.95) | … | 0.64 (0.53, 0.77) | … | 0.51 (0.42, 0.61) | … | 107 |
| Yugoslavia | 1.10 (1.03, 1.19) | 0.93 (0.86, 1.00) | 100 | 0.93 (0.87, 1.00) | 100 | 0.81 (0.75, 0.88) | 100 | 0.74 (0.69, 0.80) | 100 | 692 |
| Poland | 1.08 (1.00, 1.18) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.18) | … | 0.93 (0.85, 1.09) | 100 | 0.88 (0.80, 0.96) | 100 | 0.85 (0.78, 0.93) | 100 | 511 |
| Iran | 0.57 (0.48, 0.67) | 0.49 (0.41, 0.58) | … | 0.45 (0.38, 0.54) | … | 0.38 (0.32, 0.45) | … | 0.34 (0.29, 0.40) | … | 138 |
| Bosnia | 1.16 (1.06, 1.28) | 0.85 (0.77, 0.95) | 100 | 0.91 (0.83, 1.01) | 100 | 0.75 (0.69, 0.83) | 100 | 0.59 (0.53, 0.65) | 100 | 428 |
| Germany | 0.85 (0.79, 0.93) | 0.87 (0.80, 0.95) | … | 0.80 (0.73, 0.87) | … | 0.79 (0.73, 0.86) | … | 0.78 (0.72, 0.85) | … | 556 |
| Denmark | 1.33 (1.23, 1.45) | 1.27 (1.17, 1.38) | 18 | 1.19 (1.10, 1.29) | 42 | 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) | 39 | 1.14 (1.05, 1.24) | 68 | 567 |
| Norway | 1.21 (1.11, 1.31) | 1.11 (1.02, 1.21) | 48 | 1.09 (1.00, 1.19) | 57 | 1.06 (0.97, 1.15) | 71 | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) | 58 | 561 |
| Turkey | 0.88 (0.76, 1.03) | 0.67 (0.57, 0.78) | … | 0.68 (0.59, 0.80) | … | 0.64 (0.55, 0.75) | … | 0.49 (0.42, 0.57) | … | 167 |
| Somalia | 1.19 (0.84, 1.70) | 0.71 (0.50, 1.02) | 100 | 1.08 (0.76, 1.53) | 58 | 0.78 (0.55, 1.11) | 100 | 0.60 (0.42, 0.86) | 100 | 31 |
| Thailand | 1.15 (0.88, 1.49) | 0.83 (0.64, 1.09) | 100 | 0.82 (0.63, 1.07) | 100 | 0.83 (0.64, 1.08) | 100 | 0.65 (0.50, 0.84) | 100 | 55 |
Note. CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; XF% = explained fraction.
a
Age.
b
Age and education.
c
Age and income.
d
Age and occupational class position.
e
Age and all socioeconomic position variables.
f
XF% is not calculated (…) for immigrant groups with lower HR than native-born because there is no excess risk to “explain” by socioeconomic position. XF% for immigrant groups with lower HRs of mortality after adjustment for socioeconomic position indicators is set to 100% and refers to the fact there is no excess risk left to be explained after adjustment for socioeconomic position.