Table 1.

Clinical and pathological characteristics of all ground-glass nodules (GGNs) with different pathological categories^a (n = 102)

Variables	PIA (n = 47)	IAC (n = 55)	p-valuec,d
Gender (Number)			0.14
Male	23	34
Female	24	21
Mean age (years)	53.14 ± 5.80b	60.61 ± 10.68	0.001
GGN subtype			0.226
Pure GGN	16	24
Mixed GGN	31	31
GGN number (n)			0.07
Solitary	26	42
Multiple	21	13
Three-dimensional parameters
Diameter (mm)	8.64 ± 2.42	15.76 ± 8.96	<0.001
Total volume (mm3)	142.86 ± 112.47	1371.25 ± 1200.59	0.008
PEAK	−865.67 ± 27.05	−784.77 ± 64.49	0.001
Increasing velocity of peak CT number (V-PEAK)	−4.24 ± 5.65	−0.62 ± 2.72	<0.001

IAC, invasive adenocarcinoma; PEAK, peak CT number; PIA, pre-invasive adenocarcinoma; V-PEAK, rate of PEAK change.

^aClassification according to the new IASLC/ATS/ERS International Multidisciplinary Lung Adenocarcinoma Classification system: PIA, including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma including minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and IAC.

^bUnless otherwise indicated, numerical data were recorded as the mean ± standard deviation.

^cGender, GGN subtype and GGN number were analyzed by χ² test. Mean age, diameter, TV, PEAK and V-PEAK were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Wilcoxon test, given these data were abnormally distributed.

^dp-values for one-way ANOVA of all GGNs.