Table 2.
Comparison of last 12-month HIV related risk behaviors, testing and access to healthcare in key context1 among Border and Northbound migrants.
| Males | Females | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Border migrants % (95% CI) |
Northbound migrants % (95% CI) |
P- value2 |
Border migrants % (95% CI) |
Northbound migrants % (95% CI) |
P- value2 |
|
| Risk behaviors | ||||||
| More than one vaginal or anal sex partners | 16.6 (11.4–23.6) | 27.8 (23.8–32.1) | 0.378 | 5.2 (1.7–15.3) | 18.8 (11.8–28.7) | 0.061 |
| Unprotected vaginal or anal sex | 23.2 (17.1–30.5) | 52.6 (48.0–57.2) | 0.148 | 18.8 (9.4–34.2) | 41.9 (32.1–52.4) | 0.027 |
| Anal sex with same-sex partners (men only) | 1.8 (0.4–7.6) | 3.5 (2.1–6.0) | 0.492 | NA | NA | NA |
| Unprotected anal sex with same- sex partners (men only) | 1.5 (0.3–8.2) | 1.9 (0.9–3.6) | 0.324 | NA | NA | NA |
| Vaginal or anal sex with casual partners | 13.6 (8.6–20.7) | 22.2 (18.6–26.2) | 0.136 | 2.6 (0.9–7.6) | 18.9 (11.2–30.1) | 0.103 |
| Unprotected vaginal or anal sex with casual partners | 5.3 (2.6–10.5) | 11.9 (9.3–15.1) | 0.267 | 2.2 (0.6–7.4) | 6.0 (2.6–13.5) | 0.696 |
| Vaginal or anal sex with sex workers | 5.5 (2.6–11.2) | 3.3 (2.0–5.4) | 0.005 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Unprotected vaginal or anal sex with sex workers | 2.1 (0.7–6.5) | 1.7 (0.9–3.3) | 0.391 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Sex with partners who had other sexual partners | 14.3 (8.3–23.6) | 10.4 (7.9–13.4) | 0.226 | 15.3 (2.8–52.9) | 12.9 (7.1–22.1) | 0.139 |
| Sex with intravenous drug user | 0.3 (0.1–1.0) | 1.7 (0.7–3.7) | 0.973 | 1.0 (0.1–7.2) | 0.8 (0.2–3.4) | 0.969 |
| Sex in exchange for money or other goods | 4.5 (1.5–12.3) | 0.5 (0.1–1.9) | 0.003 | 0 | 4.5 (1.4–13.3) | NA |
| Sex against their will | 0.2 (0.0–1.5) | 0.8 (0.3–2.5) | 0.753 | 0.8 (0.1–6.0) | 4.3 (1.2–14.0) | 0.573 |
| Substance use | 9.3 (5.3–16.0) | 10.4 (7.9–13.7) | 0.516 | 1.5 (0.4–6.1) | 3.9 (1.2–11.9) | 0.971 |
| Sex under the influence of alcohol | 23.2 (16.2–32.0) | 33.3 (29.1–37.9) | 0.019 | 25.2 (9.6–51.8) | 24.2 (16.2–34.6) | 0.855 |
| Sex under the influence of illicit Drugs | 4.9 (1.9–12.0) | 6.3 (4.3–9.1) | 0.246 | 1.4 (0.3–6.2) | 1.1 (0.3–4.4) | 0.615 |
| Testing and healthcare access | ||||||
| Self-rated HIV risk as high | 32.8 (24.9–41.8) | 12.2 (9.4–15.7) | <0.001 | 31.0 (16.9–49.7) | 9.2 (5.2–16.0) | <0.001 |
| Tested for HIV during the last 12 mos. | 8.0 (3.7–16.3) | 13.6 (10.7–17.2) | 0.607 | 12.1 (4.5–28.6) | 5.9 (2.9–11.7) | 0.055 |
| Knew where to get tested for HIV | 56.7 (47.8–65.5) | 61.9 (57.3–66.2) | 0.057 | 76.3 (62.9–89.7) | 62.5 (51.8–72.1) | 0.989 |
| Had a STI during the last 12 mos. | 3.7 (1.9–7.0) | 6.6 (4.6–9.3) | 0.306 | 7.0 (2.8–16.1) | 9.5 (4.7–18.1) | 0.196 |
| STI was treated by health professional3 | 51.4 (21.6–80.2) | 37.9 (22.0–56.9) | 0.947 | 77.9 (30.5–96.6) | 62.9 (22.6–90.8) | 0.932 |
| Health insurance in key context | ||||||
| • None of the time | 45.2 (36.0–54.4) | 50.3 (45.7–54.9) | Ref | 31.4 (14.1–48.7) | 48.1 (37.6–58.8) | Ref |
| • Some of the time | 6.5 (3.6–11.3) | 8.0 (57.1–11.1) | 0.190 | 5.0 (1.6–14.8) | 4.9 (2.0–11.7) | 0.802 |
| • All of the time | 48.3 (39.2–57.5) | 41.7 (37.2–46.3) | <0.001 | 63.6 (45.7–81.5) | 47.0 (36.6–57.6) | 0.010 |
| Type of health insurance in key Context4 | ||||||
| • Public program | 22.0 (12.2–31.9) | 21.5 (16.7–27.3) | Ref | 23.3 (10.2–44.8) | 21.9 (12.6–35.2) | Ref |
| • Private (paid for by • employer, self, or others) | 75.3 (65.1–85.6) | 77.7 (71.8–82.7) | 0.545 | 69.4 (45.8–85.9) | 76.3 (63.0–85.9) | 0.363 |
| • Other | 2.6 (0.7–9.9) | 0.8 (0.1–3.7) | 0.726 | 7.3 (1.0–37.7) | 1.8 (0.5–6.8) | 0.409 |
1
Key context refers to the migration environment represented by each flow- the Mexican border region for Border migrants and the sending communities for Northbound migrants.
2
P-values are based on logistic regression models, adjusted for age, marital status, education, ethnicity, and time spent in key context during last 12 months.
3
Among those who had a STI while in the border during the last 12 months.
4
Among those who had health insurance some or all of the time.