Table 3.
All-cause mortality risk from heat according to sex, educational level and job status
| All regions |
Cluster H† |
Cluster M |
Cluster C |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996–2000 |
2008–2012 |
1996–2000 |
2008–2012 |
1996–2000 |
2008–2012 |
1996–2000 |
2008–2012 |
||||||||||
| Variable* | Group | RR (95% CI) |
RR (95% CI) |
RR (95% CI) |
RR (95% CI) |
RR (95% CI) |
RR (95% CI) |
RR (95% CI) |
RR (95% CI) |
||||||||
| (Threshold=33.5°C) | (Threshold=33.5°C) | (Threshold=32.5°C) | (Threshold=30.5°C) | ||||||||||||||
| Sex | Male | 1.01 | (0.96 to 1.05) | 1.05 | (1.03 to 1.07) | 1.06 | (0.99 to 1.13) | 1.10 | (1.04 to 1.16) | 1.05 | (1.00 to 1.1) | 1.02 | (1.00 to 1.04) | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.03) |
| Female | 1.02 | (0.98 to 1.08) | 1.07 | (1.04 to 1.09) | 1.07 | (1.00 to 1.15) | 1.09 | (1.03 to 1.15) | 1.03 | (0.97 to 1.09) | 1.03 | (0.99 to 1.08) | 1.02 | (1.00 to 1.04) | 1.02 | (0.98 to 1.06) | |
| (Threshold=29.5°C) | (Threshold=29.5°C) | (Threshold=30.5°C) | (Threshold=29.5°C) | ||||||||||||||
| Education level | None | 1.02 | (1.01 to 1.03) | 1.04 | (1.03 to 1.05) | 1.02 | (1.01 to 1.04) | 1.04 | (1.03 to 1.06) | 1.04 | (1.02 to 1.06) | 1.04 | (1.01 to 1.06) | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.02 | (0.99 to 1.05) |
| Elementary | 0.99 | (0.99 to 1.00) | 1.01 | (1.01 to 1.02) | 1.01 | (1.00 to 1.01) | 1.01 | (1.00 to 1.03) | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 | (1.00 to 1.03) | 1.02 | (1.00 to 1.04) | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.03) | |
| ≥6th grade | 0.99 | (0.98 to 1.00) | 1.01 | (1.00 to 1.02) | 1.02 | (1.01 to 1.02) | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.02) | 1.01 | (1.00 to 1.02) | 1.05 | (0.99 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.95 to 1.07) | |
| (Threshold=30.5°C) | (Threshold=30.5°C) | (Threshold=30.5°C) | (Threshold=29.5°C) | ||||||||||||||
| Job status‡ | White-collar | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.02) | 1.03 | (1.00 to 1.05) | 1.02 | (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.05 | (1.00 to 1.12) | 1.03 | (1.00 to 1.06) | 1.04 | (0.99 to 1.1) | 1.01 | (0.97 to 1.06) |
| Blue-collar | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.02) | 1.06 | (1.04 to 1.07) | 1.02 | (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.05 | (1.02 to 1.08) | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.02) | 1.05 | (1.03 to 1.08) | 1.02 | (1.01 to 1.04) | 1.02 | (1.00 to 1.04) | |
Significant values (p<0.05) are indicated in bold.
*Possible confounders were adjusted in the model; these included individual maximum temperature until 3 lag-days, average maximum temperature during 4–7 lag-days, humidity, pressure, daily concentrations of air pollutants (PM10 and O3), year, month, holidays and weekends.
†Clusters H, M and C represent the hottest, moderate and coolest clusters, respectively.
‡White-collar jobs include management, office, scientific and service occupations. Blue-collar jobs include agricultural, manufacturing or manual work.
PM10, particles smaller than 10 µm.