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. 2016 Feb;106(2):283–290. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.303003

TABLE 1—

Demographic Comparison of the Time Periods Before (Pre) and After (Post) Water Source Change From Detroit-Supplied Lake Huron Water to the Flint River, by Area: Flint, MI, 2013 and 2015

Outside Flint
All Flint
High WLL Flint
Lower WLL Flint
Characteristic Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
Gender, %
 Male 51.6 49.5 48.6 52.9 47.6 54.4 49.1 52.3
 Female 48.4 50.5 51.4 47.1 52.4 45.6 50.9 47.7
Race/ethnicity, %
 African American 24.3 24.5 69.4 70.6 74.9 78.8 67.0 66.9
 Other categories 75.7 75.5 30.6 29.4 25.1 21.2 33.0 33.1
Age, y, mean 1.89 1.83 2.09 2.06 2.06 2.02 2.11 2.07
Overall socioeconomic disadvantage score −0.83 −0.98 2.94 2.88 2.18 2.39 3.28 3.10

Note. WLL = water lead level. No statistically significant differences were found in any pre–post value within any of the 4 geographical areas.