Table 5.
Results of multilevel metaregression for frequency outcomes
| All quantity outcomes |
Quantity of alcohol per unit time |
Quantity of alcohol per drinking occasion |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | Group name | ES (95% CI) | k (n) | I2 (%) | p Value | ES (95% CI) | k (n) | I2 (%) | p Value | ES (95% CI) | k (n) | I2 (%) | p Value |
| Overall | Mean effect | −0.15 (−0.20 to −0.11) | 26 (114) | 23 | −0.12 (−0.19 to −0.06) | 16 (38) | 23 | −0.17 (−0.23 to −0.11) | 15 (76) | 20 | |||
| Overall, time-adjusted | Mean effect | −0.16 (−0.20 to −0.11) | 26 (114) | 23 | 0.36 | −0.12 (−0.19 to −0.06) | 16 (38) | 24 | 0.55 | −0.18 (−0.24 to −0.11) | 15 (76) | 20 | 0.56 |
| Time (month) | 0.002 (−0.002 to 0.005) | 0.002 (−0.004 to 0.007) | 0.001 (−0.003 to 0.006) | ||||||||||
| Setting of intervention | A&E | −0.11 (−0.21 to −0.005) | 5 (26) | 25 | 0.54 | −0.13 (−0.26 to −0.0002) | 4 (12) | 28 | 0.41 | −0.11 (−0.22 to 0.01) | 3 (14) | 20 | 0.25 |
| Ambulatory or primary care | −0.18 (−0.26 to −0.10) | 10 (40) | −0.07 (−0.19 to 0.06) | 5 (12) | −0.24 (−0.33 to −0.15) | 6 (28) | |||||||
| Hospital inpatient services | −0.21 (−0.47 to 0.04) | 2 (2) | −0.50 (−0.94 to −0.06) | 1 (1) | −0.07 (−0.37 to 0.23) | 1 (1) | |||||||
| Non-health settings | −0.08 (−0.22 to 0.06) | 4 (7) | −0.11 (−0.32 to 0.11) | 2 (3) | −0.06 (−0.24 to 0.13) | 2 (4) | |||||||
| University | −0.21 (−0.33 to −0.08) | 5 (39) | −0.18 (−0.36 to −0.003) | 4 (10) | −0.21 (−0.37 to −0.05) | 3 (29) | |||||||
| Provider | Counsellor/mental health clinician | −0.11 (−0.17 to −0.04) | 14 (73) | 23 | 0.17 | −0.12 (−0.22 to −0.02) | 9 (25) | 32 | 0.73 | −0.12 (−0.20 to −0.05) | 9 (48) | 18 | 0.07 |
| Different providers | −0.24 (−0.52 to 0.03) | 1 (1) | −0.25 (−0.56 to 0.07) | 1 (1) | NA | ||||||||
| Physician | −0.13 (−0.22 to −0.04) | 10 (30) | −0.03 (−0.19 to 0.13) | 6 (8) | −0.18 (−0.28 to −0.07) | 5 (22) | |||||||
| Nurse | −0.19 (−0.31 to −0.07) | 7 (22) | −0.20 (−0.31 to 0.01) | 4 (5) | −0.17 (−0.31 to −0.02) | 3 (17) | |||||||
| Peer intervention | −0.06 (−0.27 to 0.13) | 2 (3) | −0.08 (−0.31 to 0.16) | 2 (3) | NA | ||||||||
| Content | Brief advice | −0.08 (−0.26 to 0.09) | 3 (7) | 29 | 0.48 | 0.17 (−0.11 to 0.44) | 2 (4) | 26 | 0.10 | −0.23 (−0.44 to −0.02) | 2 (3) | 26 | 0.52 |
| Motivational interviewing | −0.15 (−0.21 to −0.08) | 15 (58) | −0.15 (−0.23 to −0.06) | 9 (20) | −0.14 (−0.23 to −0.06) | 9 (38) | |||||||
| Motivational interviewing plus | −0.19 (−0.27 to −0.11) | 11 (49) | −0.13 (−0.24 to −0.03) | 7 (14) | −0.21 (−0.31 to −0.11) | 6 (35) | |||||||
k is the number of studies, n is the number of effect sizes, p is the value from a multiparameter Wald test of coefficients. Models for setting, provider and content include mean-centred time as a covariate, but not in the multiparameter Wald test.
A&E, accident and emergency; ES, effect size; NA, not available.