Table 3.
1991 |
1993 |
1997 |
2000 |
2004 |
2006 |
2009 |
2011 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | p Value* | |
All | 21.4 | 1.1 | 21.8 | 1.1 | 27.5 | 0.8 | 28.2 | 1.1 | 30.0 | 1.0 | 30.1 | 0.9 | 32.1 | 1.0 | 33.2 | 1.0 | <0.0001 |
Age group (years) | |||||||||||||||||
60–70 | 22.2 | 1.4 | 22.4 | 1.4 | 29.1 | 1.1 | 29.9 | 1.4 | 31.6 | 1.4 | 31.5 | 1.2 | 33.2 | 1.3 | 34.3 | 1.3 | <0.0001 |
70–80 | 20.8 | 2.0 | 21.3 | 2.1 | 25.7 | 1.5 | 26.7 | 2.0 | 28.9 | 1.9 | 29.0 | 1.6 | 31.7 | 1.7 | 32.5 | 1.7 | <0.0001 |
80+ | 16.0 | 3.4 | 17.6 | 4.1 | 19.2 | 2.6 | 20.6 | 3.4 | 23.4 | 3.7 | 25.2 | 2.8 | 26.1 | 3.2 | 29.5 | 3.6 | <0.0001 |
Gender | |||||||||||||||||
Male | 24.3 | 1.7 | 24.8 | 1.7 | 30.0 | 1.2 | 30.4 | 1.7 | 32.8 | 1.3 | 33.0 | 1.6 | 33.4 | 1.5 | 35.5 | 1.4 | <0.0001 |
Female | 18.7 | 1.3 | 18.9 | 1.5 | 25.4 | 1.1 | 26.3 | 1.5 | 27.4 | 1.2 | 27.5 | 1.4 | 30.8 | 1.4 | 31.2 | 1.3 | <0.0001 |
Income level | |||||||||||||||||
Low | 15.1 | 1.7 | 15.4 | 1.7 | 21.7 | 1.3 | 22.0 | 1.6 | 24.2 | 1.5 | 24.6 | 1.7 | 26.8 | 1.5 | 27.9 | 1.9 | <0.0001 |
Medium | 21.3 | 2.0 | 22.1 | 2.0 | 28.5 | 1.5 | 30.1 | 1.7 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 31.7 | 1.8 | 31.8 | 1.6 | 32.3 | 1.9 | <0.0001 |
High | 27.9 | 2.2 | 28.1 | 1.9 | 31.4 | 1.6 | 32.5 | 1.9 | 34.4 | 1.8 | 34.0 | 1.9 | 37.7 | 1.6 | 39.4 | 2.0 | <0.0001 |
Urbanicity index | |||||||||||||||||
Low | 11.6 | 1.5 | 12.1 | 1.4 | 15.9 | 1.4 | 17.1 | 1.5 | 18.9 | 1.4 | 19.6 | 1.2 | 21.2 | 1.4 | 22.1 | 1.5 | <0.0001 |
Medium | 18.3 | 1.8 | 18.8 | 1.9 | 28.5 | 2.0 | 29.9 | 1.5 | 31.2 | 1.4 | 31.8 | 1.8 | 32.6 | 1.7 | 33.9 | 1.8 | <0.0001 |
High | 34.3 | 2.2 | 34.5 | 2.3 | 38.4 | 2.1 | 37.6 | 2.0 | 39.7 | 1.9 | 38.9 | 1.8 | 42.4 | 1.7 | 43.5 | 1.8 | <0.0001 |
*Analysis by Cochran-Armitage trend test; results were considered to be significant when p<0.05.