Table 2.
Prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms and multi-mutated haplotypes in crt and mdr-1 genes among Grande Comore P. falciparum isolates from different years
| Genotypesa | Number of isolates (%)b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–2007 (n = 115) | 2013–2014 (n = 87) | Total (n = 202) | ||
| pfcrt | Wild-type haplotype C72V73M74N75K76 | 22 (19.1) | 66 (75.9)** | 88 (43.6) |
| Single-mutant haplotype S 72V73M74N75K76 | 4 (3.4) | 4 (4.5) | 8 (4.0) | |
| Single-mutant haplotype C72V73M74 E 75K76 | 6 (5.2) | 0 (0)* | 6 (3.0) | |
| Single-mutant haplotype C72V73M74N75 T 76 | 13 (11.3) | 2 (2.2)** | 15 (7.4) | |
| Double-mutant haplotype S 72V73M74N75 T 76 | 3 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.5) | |
| Double-mutant haplotype C72V73M74 E 75 T 76 | 10 (8.7) | 2 (2.2) | 12 (5.9) | |
| Triple- mutant haplotype S 72V73M74 E 75 T 76 | 12 (10.4) | 0 (0)** | 12 (5.9) | |
| Triple-mutant haplotype C72V73 I 74 E 75 T 76 | 15 (13.0) | 11 (12.6) | 26 (12.9) | |
| Quadruple-mutant haplotype S 72V73 I 74 E 75 T 76 | 30 (26.1) | 2 (2.2)** | 32 (15.9) | |
| pfmdr-1 | Wild-type haplotype N86Y184D1246 | 5 (4.3) | 25 (28.7)** | 30 (14.9) |
| Single-mutant haplotype Y 86Y184D1246 | 40 (34.8) | 29 (33.3) | 69 (34.2) | |
| Single-mutant haplotype N86 F 184D1246 | 5 (4.3) | 4 (4.6) | 9 (4.5) | |
| Single-mutant haplotype N86Y184 Y 1246 | 2 (1.7) | 2 (2.3) | 4 (2.0) | |
| Double-mutant haplotype Y 86 F 184D1246 | 35 (30.4) | 13 (14.9)** | 48 (23.8) | |
| Double-mutant haplotype Y 86Y184 Y 1246 | 8 (7.0) | 5 (5.7) | 13 (6.4) | |
| Double-mutant haplotype N86 F 184 Y 1246 | 3 (2.6) | 3 (3.4) | 6 (3.0) | |
| Triple-mutant haplotype Y 86 F 184 Y 1246 | 17 (14.8) | 6 (6.9) | 23 (11.3) | |
aThe mutated amino acids are indicated by bold type
bStatistically significant differences for comparison with isolates circulating in 2006–2007 from Grande Comore island (* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01) using Mann–Whitney U test