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Immune escape in a T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment. The figure shows details of the four dominant immune escape mechanisms in the T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment: PD-L1 up-regulation and subsequent inhibition of T cells through PD-L1 engagement with PD-1; IDO up-regulation; recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) through CCL22 (derived from effector T cells); and selection of tumor cells with reduced antigenic immunogenicity.
