Table 3.

Summary of results of physical therapy treatment

Author (year) treatment	Total cohort of DD patients (hands)	Number of patients (hands) with early DD	Study type	Level of evidence (OCEBM) Prospective (P) Retrospective (R) Not stated (N)	Outcome measure	Results			Recurrence	Adverse events
						Improved	No change	Deteriorated
Markham (1980) [40], Ultrasound	8 (9 hands)	3 (4 hands)	Case series	4 (P)	Digital joint extension in degrees (n = 4)	2	(2 had no extension deficit at baseline)	0	None	Not reported
					Clinical observation (n = 2)	1 patient (2 hands)
					Hand span (n = 4)	2	2
					Grip strength (n = 4)	4
Ball (2002) [41], Splinting	6 (7 hands)	5 (6 hands)	Case series	4 (P)	Active digital joint extension in degrees	4 patients (5 hands)	1 patient (1 hand)	0	None at 2 years	Not reported
Larocerie-Salgado, (2012) [42], Splinting	13 (13 hands)	2	Case series	4 (P)	Digital joint extension in degrees	2 patients	0	0	Not reported	Not reported
Christie (2012) [43], Frictional massage, (Treatment hand)	1 (2 hands)	1 (2 hands)	Case study	5 (P)	Active digital joint extension in degrees	1 hand (2 digits)	0	0	Not reported	Not reported
(Control hand)						0	0	1 hand (2 digits)
Onat (2013) [44], Heat, splinting, stretching	3	2	Case series	5 (N)	Degrees of digital motion	2	0	0	Not reported	Not reported

Summary of results of physical therapy treatment for each study, including the number of patients with Dupuytren’s disease in the total cohort in each study, the number of patients with early disease within the total cohort, study type and design, and level of evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (OCEBM) criteria, the outcome measure used and results. The number of hands (in brackets) is stated when available, with recurrence and adverse events where stated