Table 6.
Determinants of inaccurate reporting a of at least one contact with a health care provider or hospital admission during a reference period. Results of binomial logistic regression (Belgian Health Interview Sample for which linkage was possible - population aged 15 years and over)
| n | GP < 12 m | Specialist <12 m | Dentist < 12 m | Dentist < 6 m | Physio < 12 m | Inpatient < 12 m | Day patient < 12 m | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | |||
| Gender | ||||||||||||||||
| Male | 4,044 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Female | 4,825 | 0.75* | (0.62–0.90) | 1.20* | (1.03–1.40) | 1.02 | (0.87–1.18) | 1.19* | (1.00–1.41) | 1.14 | (0.92–1.41) | 0.85 | (0.62–1.15) | 0.93 | (0.75–1.15) | |
| Age | ||||||||||||||||
| 15–24 yrs | 1,092 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 25–34 yrs | 1,187 | 1.17 | (0.84–1.63) | 0.88 | (0.66–1.17) | 0.67* | (0.50–0.88) | 0.84 | (0.60–1.19) | 1.20 | (0.76–1.91) | 2.68* | (1.41–5.10) | 0.77 | (0.50–1.19) | |
| 35–44 yrs | 1,340 | 1.04 | (0.77–1.39) | 1.01 | (0.78–1.30) | 0.67* | (0.51–0.88) | 0.88 | (0.63–1.22) | 1.05 | (0.69–1.61) | 1.28 | (0.69–2.37) | 0.85 | (0.57–1.27) | |
| 45–54 yrs | 1,278 | 0.87 | (0.63–1.19) | 0.92 | (0.70–1.19) | 0.80 | (0.61–1.05) | 0.84 | (0.60–1.17) | 0.84 | (0.54–1.32) | 1.88* | (1.01–3.53) | 0.76 | (0.51–1.14) | |
| 55–64 yrs | 1,256 | 0.66* | (0.45–0.95) | 0.92 | (0.68–1.23) | 0.59* | (0.43–0.82) | 0.64* | (0.44–0.94) | 0.89 | (0.57–1.41) | 1.62 | (0.84–3.13) | 0.53* | (0.34–0.83) | |
| 65–74 yrs | 829 | 0.46* | (0.28–0.74) | 0.72 | (0.51–1.02) | 0.59* | (0.41–0.86) | 0.52* | (0.33–0.82) | 1.00 | (0.60–1.66) | 1.97 | (0.94–4.13) | 0.85 | (0.53–1.35) | |
| 75 yrs | 1,887 | 0.43* | (0.27–0.68) | 1.28 | (0.93–1.77) | 0.52* | (0.36–0.75) | 0.34* | (0.22–0.53) | 1.00 | (0.62–1.61) | 1.94 | (0.97–3.88) | 0.57* | (0.37–0.89) | |
| Household type | ||||||||||||||||
| Single | 2,451 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| One parent with child (ren) | 732 | 1.16 | (0.80–1.69) | 1.24 | (0.89–1.72) | 1.06 | (0.75–1.48) | 1.04 | (0.72–1.50) | 1.40 | (0.91–2.14) | 1.86* | (1.06–3.23) | 1.15 | (0.74–1.78) | |
| Couple with child (ren) | 2,130 | 1.02 | (0.75–1.39) | 1.11 | (0.90–1.37) | 1.05 | (0.82–1.34) | 0.84 | (0.63–1.13) | 1.11 | (0.83–1.48) | 0.94 | (0.64–1.38) | 1.07 | (0.80–1.45) | |
| Couple without child (ren) | 2,698 | 1.18 | (0.90–1.54) | 1.21 | (0.96–1.51) | 0.98 | (0.77–1.25) | 1.01 | (0.77–1.33) | 1.31 | (0.96–1.79) | 1.49 | (0.98–2.29) | 1.02 | (0.74–1.40) | |
| Other or unknown | 858 | 1.66* | (1.18–2.35) | 1.11 | (0.83–1.48) | 1.10 | (0.78–1.54) | 0.88 | (0.61–1.27) | 0.78 | (0.51–1.20) | 0.93 | (0.54–1.60) | 1.05 | (0.70–1.59) | |
| Region | ||||||||||||||||
| Flanders | 3,259 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Brussels | 2,464 | 1.74* | (1.37–2.21) | 1.16 | (0.96–1.40) | 1.45* | (1.18–1.79) | 1.17 | (0.94–1.45) | 0.84 | (0.66–1.08) | 0.95 | (0.61–1.49) | 1.24 | (0.97–1.59) | |
| Wallonia | 3,146 | 1.41* | (1.14–1.75) | 1.15 | (0.98–1.36) | 1.51* | (1.26–1.81) | 1.07 | (0.87–1.31) | 1.01 | (0.81–1.26) | 1.05 | (0.78–1.41) | 1.15 | (0.92–1.43) | |
| Educational level | ||||||||||||||||
| No or primary | 1,362 | 1.01 | (0.69–1.48) | 1.19 | (0.92–1.55) | 1.02 | (0.76–1.37) | 0.81 | (0.56–1.16) | 1.05 | (0.73–1.49) | 1.56 | (0.97–2.51) | 1.21 | (0.85–1.72) | |
| Lower secondary | 1,459 | 1.23 | (0.90–1.68) | 1.07 | (0.81–1.41) | 1.00 | (0.77–1.32) | 1.03 | (0.75–1.40) | 0.94 | (0.67–1.33) | 1.28 | (0.80–2.06) | 0.87 | (0.61–1.22) | |
| Higher secondary | 2,667 | 1.11 | (0.88–1.43) | 1.14 | (0.94–1.39) | 1.02 | (0.83–1.26) | 0.91 | (0.72–1.16) | 0.96 | (0.74–1.26) | 1.25 | (0.87–1.79) | 1.01 | (0.77–1.32) | |
| Higher | 3,111 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Equivalent income | ||||||||||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 1,594 | 1.33 | (0.94–1.88) | 1.09 | (0.82–1.45) | 0.87 | (0.64–1.18) | 0.81 | (0.60–1.14) | 1.09 | (0.72–1.65) | 1.26 | (0.73–2.17) | 0.70 | (0.48–1.01) | |
| Quintile 2 | 1,532 | 0.88 | (0.64–1.20) | 1.10 | (0.84–1.45) | 0.95 | (0.72–1.26) | 0.92 | (0.66–1.29) | 0.87 | (0.62–1.22) | 1.47 | (0.88–2.47) | 0.72* | (0.52–1.00) | |
| Quintile 3 | 1,409 | 0.89 | (0.65–1.21) | 1.20 | (0.94–1.54) | 0.92 | (0.70–1.20) | 1.12 | (0.82–1.52) | 1.00 | (0.72–1.39) | 1.01 | (0.62–1.65) | 0.80 | (0.56–1.15) | |
| Quintile 4 | 1,363 | 0.95 | (0.71–1.26) | 1.11 | (0.87–1.42) | 0.91 | (0.69–1.20) | 0.89 | (0.68–1.19) | 1.11 | (0.81–1.53) | 1.40 | (0.87–2.25) | 0.85 | (0.60–1.21) | |
| Quintile 5 | 1,493 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Type of insurance coverage | ||||||||||||||||
| General scheme | 8,023 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Scheme for independents | 822 | 1.73* | (1.27–2.36) | 1.13 | (0.86–1.49) | 1.51* | (1.12–2.02) | 1.53* | (1.11–2.11) | 1.25 | (0.87–1.80) | 0.52* | (0.30–0.92) | 1.31 | (0.83–2.06) | |
| Eligible for preferential reimbursement | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 7,095 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,750 | 0.77 | (0.55–1.08) | 0.95 | (0.75–1.21) | 0.88 | (0.67–1.14) | 1.27 | (0.94–1.72) | 0.92 | (0.67–1.26) | 1.10 | (0.75–1.59) | 0.92 | (0.68–1.24) | |
| Country of birth | ||||||||||||||||
| Belgium | 7,388 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| other European country | 778 | 1.01 | (0.72–1.42) | 0.91 | (0.67–1.22) | 1.13 | (0.84–1.53) | 1.04 | (0.74–1.46) | 1.19 | (0.97–1.81) | 1.04 | (0.65–1.66) | 0.90 | (0.62–1.32) | |
| outside Europe | 698 | 1.41 | (0.98–2.02) | 1.00 | (0.74–1.37) | 1.31 | (0.97–1.78) | 1.14 | (0.80–1.61) | 1.12 | (0.77–1.63) | 1.71 | (0.79–3.69) | 1.10 | (0.73–1.68) | |
| Chronic disease, illness or handicap | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 3,255 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Yes | 5,583 | 2.00* | (1.58–2.54) | 1.60* | (1.33–1.93) | 1.21* | (1.01–1.45) | 1.20 | (0.95–1.51) | 0.74* | (0.59–0.93) | 0.88 | (0.63–1.22) | 0.62* | (0.48–0.79) | |
| Proxy interview | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 7,768 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,095 | 1.55* | (1.14–2.15) | 1.25 | (0.95–1.65) | 1.48* | (1.13–1.94) | 1.40* | (1.03–1.89) | 1.16 | (0.82–1.63) | 0.64 | (0.37–1.11) | 0.95 | (0.64–1.40) | |
| Health care expenses in year after survey (log) | 8,869 | 0.89* | (0.85–0.93) | 0.96* | (0.92–1.00) | 0.97 | (0.93–1.01) | 1.05 | (1.00–1.10) | 1.32* | (1.23–1.42) | 1.40* | (1.23–1.59) | 1.46* | (1.34–1.59) | |
< 12 m : in the 12 months prior to the date of the interview
< 6 m : in the 6 months prior to the date of the interview
* significant difference (p < 0.05)
a either overreporting (self–reported contact, but no register-based contact) or underreporting (no self-reported contact, but register-based contact)