. 2016 Aug 15;16:287. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1279-6

Table 1.

Zone of inhibition (in mm) of the different concentrations of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Rhamnus prinoides against gram positive bacteria

Category of test	Concentration	Bacteria
		S. aureus		S. pyogen		S. pneumoniae
		Stand	Clinic	Stand	Clinic	Stand	Clinic
Crude	19.5 mg/well	16.67 ± 0.88^a3d2	16.67 ± 0.33^a3c1d3	13.67 ± 0.88^a3c2d3	12.33 ± 0.33^a3c1d2	13.33 ± 0.33^a3d2	11.67 ± 0.33^a3c2d3
	39 mg/well	19.67 ± 0.88^a3	19.00 ± 0.58^a3d1	18.33 ± 0.67^a3	16.33 ± 0.67^a3	16.00 ± 1.00^a2	15.33 ± 0.33^a3d2
	78 mg/well	22.00 ± 0.58^a2	21.67 ± 0.33^a2	20.33 ± 0.33^a3	18.67 ± 0.33^a3	19.33 ± 1.20^a1	18.00 ± 0.00^a3
	Cef 0.03 mg/disc*	28.33 ± 0.58	26.33 ± 0.67	NT	NT	NT	NT
	Amp 0.01 mg/disc*	NT	NT	27.33 ± 0.67	26.33 ± 1.20	24.00 ± 0.58	23.00 ± 0.58
Methanol	19.5 mg/well	13.00 ± 0.58^a3d2e2	11.67 ± 0.33 ^a3d2e3	12.67 ± 0.33^a3d1	11.67 ± 0.33^a3d2	12.33 ± 0.88^a3d1	11.33 ± 0.33^a3d3
	39 mg/well	14.33 ± 0.33^a3f3	13.33 ± 0.33^a3f3	14.00 ± 0.58^a3f2	12.67 ± 0.33^a3d1f3	14.33 ± 0.33^a3	13.67 ± 0.33^a3d1
	78 mg/well	16.17 ± 0.44^a3g3	15.33 ± 0.67^a3g3	15.00 ± 0.58^a3g3	15.00 ± 0.58^a3g3	16.00 ± 0.58^a3	15.33 ± 0.33^a3g2
	Cef 0.03 mg/disc*	27.67 ± 0.33	26.33 ± 0 .33	NT	NT	NT	NT
	Amp 0.01 mg/disc*	NT	NT	28.00 ± 0.00	26.33 ± 0 .67	25.00 ± 0 .58	23.67 ± 0.33
Chloroform	19.5 mg/well	11.67 ± 0.33^a3d1e3	11.67 ± 0.33^a3d1e3	12.00 ± 0.58 ^a3d2	10.67 ± 0.33^a3d2	12.00 ± 0.58^a3d2	11.00 ± 0.00^a3d2
	39 mg/well	13.00 ± 0.58^a3f3	13.33 ± 0.33^a3f3	13.67 ± 0.33 ^a3f3	12.00 ± 0.58 ^a3f3	14.00 ± 0.58^a3	13.00 ± 0.58^a3f2
	78 mg/well	14.33 ± 0.33^a3g3	14.00 ± 0.58^a3g3	15.00 ± 0.58 ^a3g3	13.67 ± 0.58^a3g3	15.67 ± 0.33^a3g1	15.00 ± 0.58^a3g3
	Cef 0.03 mg/disc*	27.00 ± 0.57	26.33 ± 0.33	NT	NT	NT	NT
	Amp 0.01 mg/disc*	NT	NT	27.67 ± 0.33	27.00 ± 0.58	25.00 ± 0.58	23.67 ± 0.33

Values are expressed as Mean ± S.E.M (n = 3), analysis was performed with One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey test; ^acompared to positive control, ^bto 19.5 mg/well, ^cto 39 mg/well, ^dto 78 mg/well, ^eto crude 19.5 mg/well, ^fto crude 39 mg/well, ^gto crude 78 mg/well; ¹ P < 0.05, ² P < 0.01, ³ P < 0.001. The negative control has shown no antibacterial activity. * = positive controls, Stand = standard (ATCC) strains, Clinic. = clinically isolated strains, NT = not tested, Cef = Cefoxitin, Amp = ampicillin, Cip = Ciprofloxacin