Table 2.

Zone of inhibition (in mm) of the different concentrations of crude and solvent fractions of the leaves of Rhamnus prinoides against gram negative bacteria

Category of test	Concentration	Bacteria
		S. flexneri		E. coli
		Stand	Clinic	Stand	clinic
Crude	19.5 mg/well	12.00 ± 0.58a3d2	11.67 ± 0.33 a3d2	11.67 ± .88a3d1	11.33 ± 0.67a3d2
	39 mg/well	14.00 ± 0.00a3d1	13.67 ± 0.33 a3d1	12.67 ± 0.33a3	12.67 ± 0.33a3
	78 mg/well	17.00 ± 0.58a3	16.00 ± 0.58 a3	15.00 ± 0.00a3	14.50 ± 0.29 a3
	Cef 0.03 mg/disc*	NT	NT	28.33 ± 0.88	27.00 ± 0.58
	Cip 0.005 mg/disc*	26.33 ± 0.67	25.00 ± 0.58	NT	NT
Methanol	19.5 mg/well	11.00 ± 0.00a3d2	10.67 ± 0.67a3d2	10.33 ± 0.33a3d3	9.00 ± 0.58a3c2d3
	39 mg/well	13.00 ± 0.58a3	12.67 ± 0.33a3	12.00 ± 0.58a3d1	11.67 ± 0.33a3d2
	78 mg/well	15.00 ± 0.58a3	14.67 ± 0.33a3	14.50 ± 0.29a3	14.33 ± 0.33a3
	Cef 0.03 mg/disc*	NT	NT	27.67 ± 0.33	26.67 ± 0.33
	Cip 0.005 mg/disc*	27.00 ± 0.58	26.33 ± 0.67	NT	NT
Chloroform	19.5 mg/well	10.00 ± 0.58a3d2	10.33 ± 0.33a3	---	---
	39 mg/well	11.33 ± 0.33a3f1	11.67 ± 0.67a3	----	---
	78 mg/well	13.33 ± 0.33 a3g2	12.33 ± 0.33a3g2	---	---
	Cip 0.005 mg/disc*	25.00 ± 0.58	24.67 ± 0.33	NT	NT

Values are expressed as Mean ± S.E.M (n = 3), analysis was performed with One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey test ^acompared positive control, ^bto 19.5 mg/well, ^cto 39 mg/well, ^dto 78 mg/well, ^eto crude 19.5 mg/well, ^fto crude 39 mg/well, ^gto crude 78 mg/well; ¹ P < 0.05, ² P < 0.01, ³ P < 0.001. The negative control has shown no antibacterial activity. * = positive controls, Stand = standard (ATCC) strains whereas Clinic. = clinically isolated strains, NT = not tested, Cef = Cefoxitin, Cip = Ciprofloxacin, --- = no activitiy