Table 1. Induction of transcriptional regulators of CD4⁺ T cell differentiation in vitro.

Transcription factor	In vitro polarizing conditions
	Th0	Th1	Th2	Th17
Tbet (ΔMFI)	1.0	1.4 ± 0.07a	0.8 ± 0.09	0.65 ± 0.1a
GATA3 (ΔMFI)	1.0	0.75 ± 0.05	3.1 ± 0.16 §	0.4 ± 0.02b
RORγt (ΔMFI)	1.0	1.25 ± 0.13	1.2 ± 0.03	1.5 ± 0.08a
RORγt (%)	0.5 ± 0.2%	0.66 ± 0.1%	0.66 ± 0.15%	6.3 ± 0.7%c
Bcl-6 (ΔMFI)	1.0	1.41 ± 0.08a	1.3 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.08c

Naive CD4⁺ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors, and then cultured with TAE beads alone (Th0) or under Th1, Th2, or Th17 conditions for 5 d. After this time, the cells were harvested and expression of Tbet, GATA3, RORγt, or Bcl-6 was determined by intracellular staining and flow cytometry. The values represent either the fold change (ΔMFI, mean ± SEM; n = 3–5) in expression of the indicated transcription factor relative to Th0 culture, or the % of cells expressing RORγt (n = 3).

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.0001 (ANOVA).