Table 4.
Value of cytokine concentrations for predicting muli-organ dysfunction syndrome
| Study | Year | Design | No pts. | MODS n (%) | Diagnostic tests | Predicts MODS | Results |
| IL-6 | |||||||
| Cuschieri et al[34] | 2010 | P-coh | 152 | 29 (37%) | > 350 pg/mL: Sensitivity 79%, specificity 76%; OR = 3.87 (95%CI: 1.13-11.19) | Y | [IL-6] > 350 pg/mL is highly associated with MODS |
| Frink et al[3] | 2009 | P-coh | 143 | 24 (17%) | r = 0.35; > 761.7 pg/μL: Sensitivity 16.7%, specificity 98.3% | Y | [IL-6] > 76.6 pg/μL is associated with MODS with accuracy of 84.7% |
| Haasper et al[28] | 2010 | P-coh | 94 | 21 (22%) | Y | [IL-6] is significantly higher in MODS on days 1 + 7 | |
| Oberholzer et al[46] | 2000 | P-coh | 1276 | 516 (40%) | Y | [IL-6] is significantly higher in (severe) MODS | |
| Sousa et al[51] | 2015 | P-coh | 99 | 34 (34%) | > 294 pg/mL: AUC ROC 0.769 (95%CI: 0.414-0.736) | Y | [IL-6] > 294 pg/mL is associated with MODS at 48 + 72 h post injury |
| IL-8 | |||||||
| Frink et al[3] | 2009 | P-coh | 143 | 24 (17%) | r = 0.53; sensitivity 0% | N | [IL-8] is significantly higher in MODS; does not predict development of MODS |
| IL-10 | |||||||
| Frink et al[3] | 2009 | P-coh | 143 | 24 (17%) | r = 0.31; sensitivity 0% | N | [IL-10] is significantly higher in MODS; does not predict development of MODS |
| Neidhardt et al[54] | 1997 | P-cc | 417 | 92 (22%) | Y | [IL-10] is significantly higher in MODS on days 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 10 + 14 + 21 post injury | |
| Spielmann et al[57] | 2001 | P-cc | 47 | 24 (51%) | N | [IL-10] is not related to the development of MODS | |
| Sousa et al[51] | 2015 | P-coh | 99 | 34 (34%) | > 4.93 pg/mL: AUC ROC 0.700 (95%CI: 0.506-0.841) | Y | [IL-10] > 4.93 pg/mL is associated with MODS at 24 + 72 h post injury |
| TNF-αα | |||||||
| Frink et al[3] | 2009 | P-coh | 143 | 24 (17%) | r = 0.32; sensitivity 0% | N | [TNF-α] is significantly higher in MODS; does not predict development of MODS |
| Hayakawa et al[31] | 2010 | P-coh | 45 | 24 (53%) | Y | [TNF-α] is significantly higher in MODS on days 3 + 5 | |
| Sousa et al[51] | 2015 | P-coh | 99 | 34 (34%) | Y | [TNF-α] is associated with MODS at 48 h post injury | |
| Spielmann et al[57] | 2001 | P-cc | 47 | 24 (51%) | N | [TNF-α) is not associated with MODS | |
| IL-1β | |||||||
| Frink et al[3] | 2009 | P-coh | 143 | 24 (17%) | r = 0.00; sensitivity 0% | N | [IL-1β] is not related to development of MODS |
| IL-12 | |||||||
| Wick et al[49] | 2000 | P-coh | 37 | 4 (11%) | Y | [IL-12] is significantly lower in patients with MODS | |
| IL-18 | |||||||
| Mommsen et al[30] | 2009 | P-coh | 55 | 7 (13%) | Y | [IL-18] is significantly higher in MODS on days 2 + 3 + 6 + 7 + 9 + 10 + 13 + 14 | |
| MIF | |||||||
| Hayakawa et al[31] | 2010 | P-coh | 45 | 24 (53%) | Y | [MIF] is significantly higher in MODS | |
P-coh: Prospective cohort study; P-cc: Prospective case-control study; R-cc: Retrospective case-control study; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IFN: Interferon; ROC: Receiver operating characteristic; AUC: Area under curve; r: Correlation coefficient between cytokine and development of MODS; MODS: Muli-organ dysfunction syndrome; Pts: Patients; Y: Yes; N: No.