Table 3:
Surgical factors
| Total (n = 258) | PPM group (n = 27) | No-PPM group (n = 231) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partial ‘J’-sternotomy | 159 (61) | 15 (55) | 144 (62) | 0.31 |
| Full sternotomy | 90 (35) | 11 (41) | 79 (34) | 0.32 |
| Right thoracotomy | 9 (3.5) | 1 (3.8) | 8 (3.5) | 0.64 |
| Redo procedure | 23 (8.9) | 1 (3.8) | 22 (9.5) | 0.28 |
| Associated procedure | 89 (34) | 12 (44) | 77 (33) | 0.73 |
| CABG | 65 (25) | 10 (37) | 55 (24) | 0.11 |
| Catheter ablation | 5 (1.9) | 0 | 5 (2.2) | 0.76 |
| Other valve surgery | 4 (1.5) | 0 | 4 (1.7) | 0.63 |
| No. of anastomoses | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.23 |
| Valve size | ||||
| 27 mm (XL) | 29 (11) | 3 (11) | 26 (11) | 0.63 |
| 25 mm (L) | 116 (45) | 14 (52) | 102 (44) | 0.29 |
| 23 mm (M) | 95 (37) | 8 (30) | 87 (38) | 0.27 |
| 21 mm (S) | 18 (7) | 2 (7.4) | 16 (6.9) | 0.57 |
| Conventional (4 atm) ballooning | 206 (80) | 24 (89) | 182 (79) | 0.15 |
| Reduced (2 atm) ballooning | 49 (19) | 3 (11) | 46 (20) | 0.19 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) | 73 ± 26 | 70 ± 23 | 74 ± 26 | 0.52 |
| Cross-clamp time (min) | 44 ± 18 | 41 ± 14 | 44 ± 18 | 0.39 |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 28 (11) | 2 (7.4) | 26 (11) | 0.45 |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or numbers (%).
CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; PPM: permanent pacemaker.