Table 4.

Results of pairwise meta-analyses of direct evidence

Reference	Comparator	All strokes	Ischemic stroke	Myocardial infarction	Overall mortality	Major bleeding	Intracranial hemorrhage
Warfarin	ASA + C	1.7	2.15	1.57	1.01	1.09	1.92
		(1.23–2.35)	(1.49–3.1)	(0.93–2.65)	(0.81–1.26)	(0.82–1.45)	(0.92–3.98)
	ASA	1.95	2.33	1.06	1.01	1.29	0.54
		(1.22–3.22)	(1.48–4.05)	(0.58–1.78)	(0.79–1.3)	(0.76–2.15)	(0.2–1.38)
	Placebo	1.26	1.47	NA	0.78	0.39	0.33*
		(0.47–3.38)	(0.52–4.13)		(0.31–1.98)	(0.08–2.02)	(0.01–8.01)
	Apixaban	0.79	0.96	0.88	0.9	0.69	0.42
		(0.66–0.96)	(0.77–1.2)	(0.66–1.17)	(0.81–1)	(0.6–0.8)	(0.3–0.57)
	Dabigatran 110	0.92	1.14	1.29	0.91	0.8	0.3
		(0.75–1.13)	(0.9–1.43)	(0.96–1.75)	(0.8–1.03)	(0.7–0.93)	(0.19–0.45)
	Dabigatran 150	0.64	0.76	1.27	0.88	0.93	0.41
		(0.51–0.81)	(0.59–0.98)	(0.94–1.71)	(0.77–1)	(0.93–1.07)	(0.28–0.6)
	Rivaroxaban	0.85	0.94	0.82	0.94	1.03	0.67
		(0.7–1.03)	(0.76–1.18)	(0.63–1.06)	(0.84–1.05)	(0.9–1.19)	(0.47–0.93)
	Edoxaban HD	0.88	1	0.94	0.92	0.80	0.47
		(0.75–1.03)	(0.83–1.19)	(0.74–1.19)	(0.83–1.01)	(0.71–0.91)	(0.34–0.63)
	Edoxaban LD	1.13	1.41	1.19	0.87	0.47	0.3
		(0.97–1.31)	(1.19–1.67)	(0.95–1.49)	(0.79–0.96)	(0.41–0.55)	(0.21–0.43)
ASA + C	ASA	0.72	0.68	0.78	0.97	1.53	1.84
		(0.62–0.83)	(0.57–0.8)	(0.59–1.02)	(0.88–1.07)	(1.26–1.87)	(1.17–2.9)
ASA	Placebo	1.25	1.42	0.59	1.19	0.75	0.46
		(1–1.55)	(1.1–1.84)	(0.23–1.5)	(0.96–1.48)	(0.42–1.31)	(0.14–1.31)
Dabigatran 110	Dabigatran 150	0.7	0.67	0.98	0.97	1.16	1.39
		(0.56–0.89)	(0.52–0.86)	(0.74–1.3)	(0.85–1.11)	(1–1.34)	(0.85–2.28)
Edoxaban HD	Edoxaban LD	1.26	1.38	1.25	0.94	0.60	0.66
		(1.08–1.47)	(1.17–1.63)	(0.99–1.57)	(0.85–1.04)	(0.51–0.7)	(0.44–0.98)

Notes:

^*A correction of 0.5 was added to each count, due to zero events in the placebo arm. Results presented as rate ratios, with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses below. Significant results are in bold.

Abbreviations: ASA, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin); C, clopidogrel; HD, high dose; LD, low dose; NA, not applicable.