Table 1:
Baseline characteristics and risk profiles of patients (N = 462)a,b
| Characteristics | Overall series |
PS-matched pairs |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B-TVA (N = 345) |
R-TVA (N = 117) |
P-value | B-TVA (N = 98) |
R-TVA (N = 98) |
P-value | |
| Age, years | 69.2 ± 9.3 | 69.3 ± 10.2 | 0.95 | 69.3 ± 9.7 | 68.3 ± 10.7 | 0.51 |
| >75 | 109 (31.6) | 39 (33.3) | 0.73 | 30 (30.6) | 31 (31.6) | 0.89 |
| Female gender | 180 (52.2) | 61 (52.1) | 1 | 60 (61.2) | 52 (53.1) | 0.25 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.4 ± 4.3 | 24.7 ± 4.4 | 0.14 | 24.8 ± 4.3 | 24.6 ± 4.6 | 0.82 |
| >30 | 50 (14.5) | 13 (11.1) | 0.36 | 16 (16.3) | 11 (11.2) | 0.3 |
| Diabetes on insulin | 19 (5.5) | 5 (4.3) | 0.6 | 2 (2) | 3 (3.1) | 1 |
| Serum haemoglobin, g/l | 13 ± 1.8 | 12.5 ± 1.8 | 0.0032 | 12.7 ± 1.8 | 12.7 ± 1.8 | 0.99 |
| <11 | 43 (12.5) | 25 (21.4) | 0.019 | 18 (18.4) | 16 (16.3) | 0.71 |
| Chronic lung diseasec | 37 (10.7) | 11 (9.4) | 0.69 | 10 (10.2) | 9 (9.2) | 0.81 |
| GFR, ml/mind | 61.9 ± 25.1 | 58.4 ± 25.1 | <0.0001 | 59.6 ± 24.5 | 58.7 ± 25 | 0.79 |
| 50–85c | 185 (53.6) | 64 (54.7) | 0.84 | 47 (48) | 54 (55.1) | 0.32 |
| <50c | 112 (32.5) | 38 (32.5) | 1 | 34 (34.7) | 32 (32.7) | 0.76 |
| Chronic dialysis | 8 (2.3) | 4 (3.4) | 0.74 | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 1 |
| Extracardiac arteriopathyc | 38 (11) | 23 (19.7) | 0.017 | 13 (13.3) | 15 (15.3) | 0.68 |
| Poor mobilityc | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Atrial fibrillation | 110 (31.9) | 30 (25.6) | 0.2 | 30 (30.6) | 28 (28.6) | 0.75 |
| Permanent pacemaker | 4 (1.2) | 1 (0.9) | 0.63 | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 |
| Congestive heart failure | 206 (59.7) | 90 (76.9) | 0.0008 | 76 (77.6) | 73 (74.5) | 0.62 |
| Signs of right heart failure | ||||||
| Jugular venous distension | 100 (29) | 22 (18.8) | 0.031 | 26 (26.5) | 21 (21.4) | 0.4 |
| Palpable hepatomegaly/pulsatile liver | 77 (22.3) | 20 (17.1) | 0.23 | 22 (22.4) | 17 (17.3) | 0.37 |
| Ascites/important peripheral oedema | 9 (2.6) | 6 (5.1) | 0.22 | 4 (4.1) | 4 (4.1) | 1 |
| Unstable angina | 34 (9.9) | 16 (13.7) | 0.25 | 14 (14.3) | 10 (10.2) | 0.38 |
| Recent myocardial infarctionb | 15 (4.3) | 4 (3.4) | 0.79 | 3 (3.1) | 4 (4.1) | 1 |
| Coronary artery disease | 100 (29) | 38 (32.5) | 0.48 | 24 (24.5) | 29 (29.6) | 0.42 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 55.2 ± 12.3 | 56.4 ± 12.4 | <0.0001 | 55.2 ± 12.7 | 56.1 ± 13 | 0.62 |
| 30–50c | 91 (26.4) | 24 (20.5) | 0.2 | 21 (21.4) | 20 (20.4) | 0.86 |
| ≤30c | 16 (4.6) | 5 (4.3) | 0.86 | 6 (6.1) | 5 (5.1) | 0.75 |
| RV fractional area change, % | 38.3 ± 9.9 | 37.7 ± 9.9 | 0.57 | 38.2 ± 12.1 | 37.6 ± 9.5 | 0.7 |
| <35 | 35 (10.1) | 16 (12.8) | 0.31 | 13 (13.3) | 13 (13.3) | 1 |
| Pulmonary hypertensione | 77 (22.3) | 29 (24.8) | 0.58 | 34 (34.7) | 25 (25.5) | 0.16 |
| TR severity | ||||||
| 1+, mild | 109 (31.6) | 26 (22.2) | 0.15 | 34 (34.7) | 33 (33.7) | 0.99 |
| 2+, moderate | 153 (44.3) | 60 (51.3) | 43 (43.9) | 44 (44.9) | ||
| 3+, severe | 83 (24.1) | 31 (26.5) | 21 (21.4) | 21 (21.4) | ||
| Previous cardiac surgery | 40 (11.6) | 18 (15.4) | 0.29 | 14 (14.3) | 14 (14.3) | 1 |
| Active endocarditisb | 0 | 4 (3.4) | 0.004 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Critical statec | 15 (4.3) | 10 (8.5) | 0.083 | 6 (6.1) | 5 (5.1) | 0.75 |
| Aortic disease | 13 (3.7) | 6 (5.1) | 0.59 | 5 (5.1) | 5 (5.1) | 1 |
| Surgical procedures, 3 or morec | 169 (49) | 63 (53.8) | 0.36 | 45 (45.9) | 48 (49) | 0.67 |
| Surgical priorityc | ||||||
| Elective | 253 (73.3) | 71 (60.7) | 0.027 | 60 (61.2) | 65 (66.3) | 0.75 |
| Urgent | 89 (25.8) | 43 (36.8) | 37 (37.8) | 32 (32.7) | ||
| Emergency | 3 (0.9) | 2 (1.7) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | ||
| Salvage | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Expected operative risk (by EuroSCORE II), %f | 9.2 ± 10.8 | 12 ± 13.4 | 0.015 | 10.5 ± 11.5 | 9.9 ± 10.5 | 0.7 |
B-TVA: band tricuspid valve annuloplasty; BMI: body mass index; EuroSCORE: European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; LV: left ventricular; PS: propensity score; R-TVA: ring tricuspid valve annuloplasty; RV: right ventricular; SD: standard deviation; TR: tricuspid regurgitation.
aValues are the number of patients with percentages in brackets or mean ± SD.
bPatients' clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters were compared using the χ2, Fisher's exact or McNemar's test for dichotomous variables, and the Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. The matched and unmatched patients were compared with paired or unpaired tests, respectively.
cDefinitions were those employed for EuroSCORE II (ref. [11]).
dThe creatinine clearance rate, calculated according to the Cockcroft–Gault formula, was used for approximating the GFR.
eSystolic pulmonary artery pressure ≥60 mmHg.
fRef. [11].